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In what year was the first heart transplant?
The first organ transplant occurred in 1954, when Ronald Lee Herrick donated one of his kidneys to his brother, Richard. The surgery was led by Dr. Joseph Murray, who later won a Nobel prize for developing the surgical technique regarding kidney transplants. The surgery took place in Boston, Massachusetts.
Which is more risky heart surgery or brain surgery?
Brain surgery is more riskier it is just my hunch my gut feelilngs surgeons can transplant a heart but to date cannot transplant a brain.
What is the exact date of the first human embryo cloning?
As far as is known no human cloning has taken place to date.
How long does it take to get a organ transplant?
The average liver transplant surgery takes anywhere from 4 to 8 hours to complete. This includes the removal of the non-functional liver to attaching the replacement liver and closing the wound.
What was the first successful human cloning?
Humans have never been cloned to date.
In which year did a human first walk on the moon?
July 20, 1969 was the date of the first moon landing.
When was the death date of Skulduggery Pleasant?
In Skulduggery Pleasant the first book he says his heart stopped beating on the 23rd of October but he doesnt mention a date
What do you get a 14 year old rich guy for Christmas?
Get him something like where he took you on your first date or from your heart.
When was Justin Bieber's first date?
Justin Bieber's first date was at the age of 8. His mom drove him and his date to the movies. They held hands for the first time during the movie, but never kissed. It an ill-fated romance and he left her half of a heart necklace when they parted ways.
What was the date of the first human interaction on the Columbia River?
when yuh mom was born!Yes honey, shes that old!!!
Heart transplant?
DefinitionHeart transplantation is surgery to remove a damaged or diseased heart and replace it with a healthy donor heart.Alternative NamesCardiac transplant; Transplant - heartDescriptionFinding a donor heart can be difficult. The heart is donated by someone who has been declared brain-dead but remains on life support. The donor heart must be matched as closely as possible to your tissue type to reduce the chance that your body will reject the new heart.The patient is put into a deep sleep with general anesthesia, and a cut is made through the breast bone.The patient's blood is circulated through a heart-lung bypass machine to keep the blood oxygen-rich during the surgery.The patient's diseased heart is removed and the donor heart is stitched in place. The heart-lung machine is disconnected. Blood flows through the transplanted heart.Tubes may be inserted to drain air, fluid, and blood out of the chest for several days, to allow the lungs to fully re-expand.IndicationsA heart transplant may be recommended for:Severe angina that can no longer be treated with medications or surgeries to repair the coronary arteriesSevere heart failure, when medicines, other treatments, and surgery no longer help. Possible causes of severe heart failure are: Coronary artery diseaseCardiomyopathy(disease of the heart muscle)Heart valve disease with congestive heart failureSevere heart defects that were present at birth and cannot be fixed with surgeryLife-threatening abnormal heart beats or rhythms that do not respond to other therapyHeart transplant surgery may NOT be recommended for patients who have:Had cancerInfections such as hepatitis, that are considered to be activeInsulin-dependent diabetes with poor function of other organsKidney, lung, nerve, or liver diseaseMalnutritionOther diseases that affect the blood vessels of the neck and legSmoking, alcohol or drug abuse, or other lifestyle habits that may damage the new heartThe doctor may also recommend against a heart transplant if there is concern that the patient will not be able to comply with the many hospital and doctor's office visits, tests, and medications needed to keep the new heart healthy.RisksRisks for any anesthesia are:Reactions to medicationsProblems breathingRisks for any surgery are:BleedingInfectionRisks of transplant include:Blood clots (deep venous thrombosis)Damage to the kidneys, liver, or other body organs from anti-rejection (immunosuppression) medicationsHeart attack or strokeHeart rhythm problemsIncreased risk for infections due to anti-rejection (immunosuppression) medicationsWound infectionsBefore the ProcedureOnce the doctor refers you to a transplant center, you will be evaluated by the transplant team. They will want to make sure that you are a good candidate for transplantation. You will have several visits over the course of several weeks or even months. You will need to have blood drawn and x-rays taken. The following may also be done:Blood or skin tests to check for a number of infectionsTests to evaulate your heart, such as EKG, echocardiogram, cardiac catheterizationTests to look for cancerTissue and blood typing, to help make sure your body will not reject the donated heartYou will also want to assess one or more transplant centers to see which would serve you best:Ask them how many transplants they perform every year and what their survival rates are. Compare these numbers with those from other centers.Ask about support groups they have available and how much help is offered with travel and housing arrangements.If the transplant team believes you are a good candidate, you will be put on a national waiting list for a heart:Your place on the list is based on several factors. Key factors include the type and severity of your heart disease, and the likelihood that a transplant will be successful.The amount of time you spend on a waiting list is usually NOT a factor for how soon you get a heart, except in the case of children.Most, but not all, patients awaiting heart transplants are very ill and need to be in the hospital. Many will require some sort of device to help their heart pump enough blood to the body, mostly often this is a ventricular assist device.Expectations after surgeryYou should expect to stay in the hospital for 7 to 21 days after a heart transplant. The first 24 to 48 hours will likely be in the intensive care unit (ICU).The recovery period is about 6 months. Often, your transplant team will ask you to stay fairly close to the hospital for the first 3 months. Patients need to have regular check-ups with blood test and x-ray for many years.Fighting rejection is an ongoing process. The body's immune system considers the transplanted organ an infection and fights it. For this reason, organ transplant patients must take drugs that suppress the body's immune response. Taking medicines and following instructions precisely is very important to preventing rejection.Biopsies of the heart muscle are often done every month during the first 6 to 12 months after transplant, and the less often after that. This helps the doctor determine if your body is rejecting the new heart, even before symptoms begin.Outlook (Prognosis)Heart transplant prolongs the life of a patient who would otherwise die. About 80% of heart transplants are alive 2 years after the operation. The main problem, as with other transplants, is graft rejection. If rejection can be controlled, the patient's survival can be increased to over 10 years.Drugs that prevent transplant rejection must be taken for the rest of the patient's life. Normal activities can resume as soon as the patient feels well enough and after consulting with the doctor. However, vigorous physical activities should be avoided.ReferencesBernstein D. Pediatric Heart and Heart-Lung Transplantation. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th Ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 443.McCarthy PM. Surgical management of heart failure. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa ; Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 27.
Heart-lung transplant - series?
Normal anatomyThe heart and lungs are located in the thorax, or chest cavity. The heart pumps blood from the body to the lungs, where the blood is oxygenated. It then returns the blood to the heart, which pumps the freshly oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.IndicationsA combined heart-lung transplant may be recommended for patients who have both cardiac and lung disease. The most common reasons for a combined heart-lung transplant are pulmonary hypertension, cystic fibrosis, lung disease associated with damage to the right ventricle of the heart, and various congenital defects of the heart and lungs.Procedure, part 1Heart-lung transplant operations have been performed since 1980 in the United States. The donated heart and lungs come from a human who has been declared brain-dead but remains on a life-support machine. A single recipient may receive one or both donor lungs. The tissues must be a match to help ensure that the patient does not reject the transplanted tissue. While the patient is deep asleep and pain-free (general anesthesia), an incision is made through the breast bone (sternum). Tubes are used to re-route the blood to a heart-lung bypass machine that keeps the blood oxygenated and circulating during the surgery.Procedure, part 2The patient's heart and lungs are removed and the donor heart and lungs are stitched into place. A heart-lung transplant is performed only in patients who have a very good chance of success. The long-term outcome is variable, depending on the patient's overall health and disease progression. Most patients should expect to stay in the hospital for an extended period of time. It generally takes about six months to fully recover from this surgery. To prevent rejection of the donor organs, the patient will likely take immunosuppressive medication for the rest of his life.Reviewed ByReview Date: 07/25/2007Robert A. Cowles, MD, Assistant Professor of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
