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The C and C++ for loop is defined as...
for (init-expression; test-expression; loop-expression) loop-statement;
- The init-expression is executed once.
- At the top of the loop, test-expression is evaluated. If it is false, control passes to the statement following loop-statement.
- The loop-statement is executed. It may be one statement, it may be a block of statements, or it may be no statement. If it is no statement, the semi-colon is required.
- At the bottom of the loop, loop-expression is executed, and then control passes to the test-expression at the top of the loop for another go-around.
- Each of init-expression, test-expression, and loop-expression may be missing. The semi-colons are required. The formal "forever" loop is for (;;) loop-statement; in which case the only way out is the break statement.
- Since each of init-expression, test-expression, and loop-expression can have side-effects, sometimes a loop is constructed with no loop-statement, and all processing is done between the parentheses.
- If test-expression is initially false, loop-expression and loop-statement are never executed. The init-expression is always executed only one time, and test-expression is executed at least one time.
- At any point during loop-statement, the breakstatement will exit to the statement following loop-statement, and the continue statement will jump to the loop-expression at the bottom of the loop.
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