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The design of the plane is complex and variable, but there are basic all sircraft share. There must be: * A Power Plant * Wings * Rudder and elevator Imagine them as a triangle, One side is Wings, another power plant, the last the tail (rudder and elevator) Take away any side, the shape collapses. The wings are ovaline towards the front, sharp at the back for aerodynamic reasons. They (usually) have flaps to slow the aircraft down on landing, as well as spoilers and the engines mounted upon them (except for craft like the Learjet 45) and without, the plane would be too unstable for flight. The power plant or engine could be a propeller, a jet (turbofan) engine, or, in the case of gliders (such as the Space Shuttle) none at all. These aircraft get flying by using another plane called a towplane to yank the glider up into the air. The tail gives additional steering, elevation and stability. The fuselage could be considered a vital part, but with NASA and the US. Governments research on Blended Wing Body which shows simply a triangular body. This sums it up basically. Well... hope this helps and YES, it's all my original work.

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