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Nitration of benzoid radicals present in the amino acid side chain occurs due to reaction with nitric acid giving the solutions a yellow colouration.

This test is answered by aromatic amino acids like tyrosine and tryptophan. Phenyl alanine gives a weak positive reaction. When a preotein solution is heated with concentrated nitric acid, the benzene ring under goes nitration to form yellow nitro derivatives. When treated with NaOH the sodium salt formed is tense orange in color.
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Q: Describe how to tell if a substance is a protein by using the xanthoproteic test?
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