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some teacher out there needs to answer this now
Watson and Crick developed a model for the secondary structure of DNA in 1953. DNA is a long linear polymer that has two major components: a backbone made up of sugar and phosphate groups and a series of nitrogenous bases that project from the backbone. These two long strands twist around each other and certain of the nitrogenous bases pair inside the spiral forming a double helix molecule. The structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonds that form between the bases called adenine and thymine and the bases guanine and cytosine. Watson and Crick suggested that the A-T and C-G pairing rules suggested a way for DNA to be copied prior to mitosis or meiosis. They suggested that the existing strands of DNA served as a template for the production of new strands, with bases being added to the new strands according to complimentary base-pairing rules. Each existing or old strand separated and served as a template for the synthesis of a new second strand so that each daughter DNA molecule consists of one old strand and one new strand, This is called semi-conservative replication and though other hypotheses were proposed experiments proved this hypothesis.
DNA Replication Summary1. Helicase separates antipolar strands forming a replication fork.
2. Binding proteins keep strands separate and topoisomerase relieves tension and removes kinks to allow the double helix molecule to continue to unravel.
3. Primase adds an RNA primer with an OH group to chemically bond with the first dNTP.
4. Polymerase III (Pol I-IV) synthesizes the leading strand in the 5'-3' direction. Antipolar lagging strand primer synthesizes RNA primer.
5. Pol III elongates primer; produces Okazaki fragment
6. Pol I excises RNA primer and fills the gap.
7. DNA Ligase links Okazaki fragments to form a continuos strand.
8. DNA Polymerase III can proofread.
What else can I help you with?
What are the basic three steps of DNA replication?
The three main steps in the process of DNA replication are initiation, elongation and termination. Initiation is the beginning of the process. During elongation new DNA strands are formed and in termination replication ends.
What are the number of steps that the steps of DNA replication in the correct order?
DNA replication involves several key steps: 1) Initiation, where the DNA double helix unwinds and separates at the origin of replication; 2) Primer synthesis, where RNA primers are created to provide a starting point for DNA synthesis; 3) Elongation, where DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand; and 4) Termination, which occurs when the entire DNA molecule has been replicated and the replication machinery disassembles. These steps ensure accurate duplication of the genetic material.
Is origin of replication or replication fork same?
No, the origin of replication is a specific sequence of DNA where the replication process starts, while the replication fork is the Y-shaped structure formed during DNA replication where the DNA strands are unwound and replicated. The origin of replication initiates the formation of the replication fork.
What are the the 5 steps of DNA replication in order?
The five steps of DNA replication are: Initiation: The process begins at specific locations on the DNA called origins of replication, where the DNA unwinds and separates into two strands. Unwinding: Enzymes called helicases unwind the DNA strands, creating a replication fork. Priming: RNA primase synthesizes short RNA primers on the single-stranded DNA to provide a starting point for DNA synthesis. Elongation: DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand complementary to the template strand, forming new DNA. Termination: Replication continues until the entire DNA molecule has been copied, and the newly synthesized strands are proofread and finalized.
What does DNA replication make?
DNA replication produces a copy of the DNA. At the same time the cell in which the DNA is to be found splits into two with a copy of the DNA in each. DNA replication is caused by cell replication during the process of mitosis.
What are the basic three steps of DNA replication?
The three main steps in the process of DNA replication are initiation, elongation and termination. Initiation is the beginning of the process. During elongation new DNA strands are formed and in termination replication ends.
What are the number of steps that the steps of DNA replication in the correct order?
DNA replication involves several key steps: 1) Initiation, where the DNA double helix unwinds and separates at the origin of replication; 2) Primer synthesis, where RNA primers are created to provide a starting point for DNA synthesis; 3) Elongation, where DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand; and 4) Termination, which occurs when the entire DNA molecule has been replicated and the replication machinery disassembles. These steps ensure accurate duplication of the genetic material.
Is origin of replication or replication fork same?
No, the origin of replication is a specific sequence of DNA where the replication process starts, while the replication fork is the Y-shaped structure formed during DNA replication where the DNA strands are unwound and replicated. The origin of replication initiates the formation of the replication fork.
What are the areas on DNA where replication occurs called?
DNA replication begins in areas of DNA molecules are called origins of replication.
What are the the 5 steps of DNA replication in order?
The five steps of DNA replication are: Initiation: The process begins at specific locations on the DNA called origins of replication, where the DNA unwinds and separates into two strands. Unwinding: Enzymes called helicases unwind the DNA strands, creating a replication fork. Priming: RNA primase synthesizes short RNA primers on the single-stranded DNA to provide a starting point for DNA synthesis. Elongation: DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand complementary to the template strand, forming new DNA. Termination: Replication continues until the entire DNA molecule has been copied, and the newly synthesized strands are proofread and finalized.
How is retrovirus different from DNA virus?
Retro virus has reverse transcription in its replication cycle. In other words, rna is template for synthesis of dna. With dna virus, there is no reverse transcription in the replication cycle. Dna is the template for dna synthesis.
Compare the number of replication forks in prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA during replication?
Prokaryotic DNA replication has a single origin of replication, leading to two replication forks. In contrast, eukaryotic DNA replication has multiple origins of replication, resulting in multiple replication forks forming along the DNA molecule.
DNA is copied during a process called?
DNA is copied during a process called DNA replication. This process occurs in the nucleus of a cell and involves making an exact copy of the original DNA molecule. DNA replication is essential for cell division and passing genetic information from one generation to the next.
What does DNA replication make?
DNA replication produces a copy of the DNA. At the same time the cell in which the DNA is to be found splits into two with a copy of the DNA in each. DNA replication is caused by cell replication during the process of mitosis.
What process makes a copy of a DNA molecule?
Transcription.
Where does DNA polymerase add nucleotides during the process of DNA replication?
DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand at the replication fork during the process of DNA replication.
What is the site of DNA replication in eukaryotes?
The site of DNA replication in eukaryotes is the nucleus. Replication occurs in the nucleus because this is where the DNA is stored. The process involves unwinding the DNA double helix and synthesizing new strands of DNA using the existing strands as templates.
