Explain how RNA is made during transcription?

Answer 1

The transcription of mRNA begins in the nucleus. The DNA is uncoiled and the nucleic acids with nitrogen bases adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine combine to form an incomplete mRNA.

The current RNA contains exons (the coding region) and introns (non-informational regions). The introns are cut out and remaining exons are spliced together.

Now the mRNA goes through polyadenylation. This is the process where the 3' end of the mRNA is attached with multiple adenine nucleotides. On the 5' end of the mRNA, a 5' cap is attached. This is the complete and functional mRNA. At this point, the mRNA exits the nucleus to join with the ribosome, ending the transcription and starting the process of translation.

Answer 2

The DNA is first of all transcribed RNA molecule by a process called transcription.This yields a mRNA (messenger RNA) molecule which then travels out of the nucleus via nuclear pores and may follow either of two chief pathways depending upon type of molecule and type of cell.

If this mRNA molecule is to form a protein (process of translation) that will function within the cell like most of the enzymes then it will go to the ribosomes and form polysaccharides or if the mRNA molecule is coding for a protein that will function outside the cell like collagen then ti will first go to rough endoplasmic reticulum and then to Golgi apparatus to form polypeptides and this is then packed into the vesicles and then delivered outside the cell.

That's a good, but technical answer up there. I was always confused with this until I thought about it logically. First, it helps to understand what it means to transcribe something (transcription) -- It means to write something down. In contrast, translation is to take something and repeat it, but in a different language, right?

So here's the long and short of it:

mRNA is the "messenger". rRNA is the "reader" (or transcriber). tRNA is the "transporter" (or translator).

The purpose of all of this is protein synthesis. The DNA holds the instructions for protein production, and DNA is housed in the nucleus. DNA cannot leave the nucleus, so in order to get those protein building instructions, something has to go into the nucleus and get them. That is the job of the mRNA -- it goes in the nucleus and makes a complimentary copy of the DNA by "writing" it down using the base pairing rule (transcription--to "write"). Transcription occurs in the nucleus, and the end product is mRNA. **NOTE: RNA is single stranded genetic information vs. DNA, which is double stranded** (if you need it more detailed, see below).

The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome, where translation takes place (or it translates the directions into amino acids). This happens by the ribosome closing around the mRNA. The rRNA "reads" the RNA codons (groups of 3 bases), and tells tRNA which amino acid to bring to the ribosome (transports them).

The tRNA then brings the correct amino acids and they attach to the appropriate anti-codons, and as they pile up, they become a protein.

DETAILED VERSION of Transcription:

• Gyrase and helicase (enzymes) work together to unzip the DNA in the nucleus.
• RNA polymerase (enzyme) synthesizes, or makes a copy of, the DNA using the base pairing rule.
• At this point it is important to understand the base pairing rule. A=T, G=C. It just means that adenine always pairs up with thymine (A=T), and guanine always pairs up with cytosine (G=C).
• Remember that RNA does not use Thymine (T), but instead uses Uracil (U) as the base pair for Adenine in RNA. (so A=U, C=G in RNA
• When mRNA makes its copy, instead of seeing an A and writing an A, it writes the Adenine's pair, Uracil. So when the DNA strand has Adenine, the mRNA will write its base pair of Uracil.
• For example, if the DNA base was T A C G A A T, the mRNA copies it as A U G C U U A - using the base pairing rule.
• So now we have a single strand of RNA that contains the partner nucleotide base of the DNA
• It leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosome for translation....

and that's pretty much it :-)

you can find detailed transciption animations on www-class.unl.edu,it is easy to understand

Answer 3

From http://www.Biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/N100/2k3ch13dogma.html

Simply stated, during transcription, one gene (DNA) is 're-written' into an RNA in the nucleus:

• A team of enzymes and proteins binds to the promoter, or starting region, of a gene.
• These enzymes and proteins unzip the DNA double helix just at the region of the gene.
• The enzyme RNA polymerase uses one of the DNA strands to make an RNA copy of that one gene.
• This copy, which contains the instructions to make 1 protein, is called an mRNA or messenger RNA.
• After the mRNA is made, it is trimmed down to a final size, and shipped out of the nucleus!
• When the mRNA gets into the cytoplasm, it is made into protein.

Answer 4

RNA, specifically mRNA