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If two planets are in orbits with radii of R1 and R2, the distance between them varies from R2-R1 to R2+R1.
the planets
the planets
there is no true relationship between distance from the sun and orbit time as some planets go revolves at a different velocity.
AUs
There is no real relationship between their diameter and distance from the sun, except that you could say that the four outer gas planets are much bigger than the four inner rocky (or terrestrial) planets.
There is a relationship between the planets distance from the sun and the time taken for one orbit (planets year), described in Keplers third law. The square root of the time taken to orbit the sun is proportional to the cube of the average distance between the sun.
There is no direct relationship between the rotation of a planet (which governs day length) and a planets distance from the sun. The nature of the planets spin is more to do with the formation of the system early on, by large impacts of the more numerous bodies that would have been around.
Keplar showed that there is a relationship between the planets distance from the sun and the time taken for one orbit (planets year). This is described in Keplars third law; the square root of the time taken to orbit the sun is proportional to the cube of the average distance between the sun.
As the names suggest, the inner planets are closer to the Sun than the outer planets.
the distance from the planets is 6.5 million miles between each planet.
The inner planets are closer together than the outer ones.