If two planets are in orbits with radii of R1 and R2, the distance between them varies from R2-R1 to R2+R1.
the planets
There is no real relationship between their diameter and distance from the sun, except that you could say that the four outer gas planets are much bigger than the four inner rocky (or terrestrial) planets.
AUs
Keplar showed that there is a relationship between the planets distance from the sun and the time taken for one orbit (planets year). This is described in Keplars third law; the square root of the time taken to orbit the sun is proportional to the cube of the average distance between the sun.
He referred to it as an eclipse where the planets orbit the sun in a path.
the planets
the planets
there is no true relationship between distance from the sun and orbit time as some planets go revolves at a different velocity.
There is a relationship between the planets distance from the sun and the time taken for one orbit (planets year), described in Keplers third law. The square root of the time taken to orbit the sun is proportional to the cube of the average distance between the sun.
There is no real relationship between their diameter and distance from the sun, except that you could say that the four outer gas planets are much bigger than the four inner rocky (or terrestrial) planets.
AUs
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Keplar showed that there is a relationship between the planets distance from the sun and the time taken for one orbit (planets year). This is described in Keplars third law; the square root of the time taken to orbit the sun is proportional to the cube of the average distance between the sun.
There is no direct relationship between the rotation of a planet (which governs day length) and a planets distance from the sun. The nature of the planets spin is more to do with the formation of the system early on, by large impacts of the more numerous bodies that would have been around.
He referred to it as an eclipse where the planets orbit the sun in a path.
As the names suggest, the inner planets are closer to the Sun than the outer planets.
There is no real relationship, a planets spin depends on collisions it may have had in the past, rather than on its distance from the sun (which governs its orbital rotation time around the sun).