it has 32 kB of internal memory
ATmega 168 was a flash program memory from ATMEL; now replaced by ATmega 168PA.
RAM and the memory cache
Different microprocessor can address different amounts of memory. The motherboard design should allow for maximising the physical memory to what the microprocessor can address
An 80286 has a 24 bit address bus. As such, it can address 224, or 16,777,216, or 16 MB of memory.
Probably damaged memory. If computer memory is damaged the memory is marked as bad by controller on the chip. A lower amount of memory is reported to the operating system. Also Windows XP will only address 4gb of ram without using a physical address extension. More than this is ignored.
You will need to know what software you will be using to operate your system to help determine the amount of memory needed.
You can determine the amount of memory a device driver allocates for itself and its data by using the MEM command with the \M filename option.A+ Guide to software fourth edition page 311
32 bit processor can access 4294967296 bit memory adderss.
The possible states that define an instruction execution are as follows: Instruction address calculation - Determine the address of the next instruction to be executed. Instruction fetch - Read instruction from its memory location into the processor. Instruction operation decoding - Analyze instruction to determine type of operation to be performed and operand to be used. Operand address calculation - If the operation involves reference to an operand in memory or available via I/O, then determine the address of the operand. Operand fetch - Fetch the operand from memory or read it in from I/O. Data operation - Perform the operation indicated in the instruction. Operand store - Write the result into memory or out to I/O.
Memory is microchip; address are processor board slots
memory address is stored in binary form
The highest memory address in the 8086/8088 is FFFFFH.