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The senate was angry with Caesar. He was hugely popular with the plebians, and he had overstayed his term as proconsul of Gaul, so they feared he might be planning an attack on Rome to take control of the Republic. So, they called for Caesar to lay down his arms and return to Rome for punishment.

Caesar didn't accept their proposal, refusing to return for punishment for something he hadn't even done. The Senate then convinced Pompey (One of the two Consuls of Rome, the other one being Caesar himself) to mark Caesar as a traitor, and declare him an enemy of Rome.

Caesar was displeased when he heard this, and decided to cross the Rubicon river and march on Rome. After defeating the armies of Pompey and the Senate at multiple battles, Caesar became Dictator of the Roman Republic.

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