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What conclusion did Kepler eventually come to that revolutionized the heliocentric model of the solar system?
kepler determined the planetary orbits were elliptical
Why was Ptolemy's Earth-centered system of epicycles taught throughout Europe for over a thousand years?
Because plain circular orbits could not explain the way the planets move. The philosophers said that the circle was the perfect curve, and Ptolemy's model used circles and epicycles. An epicycle is a small circle whose centre travels round a larger circle, and the planet then travels round the epicycle. Extra epicycles were added to account for things like the eccentric orbits (which are now recognised as elliptical), and the inclination of the orbits. However Ptolemy's model represented the movements of the planets pretty accurately which is why no-one thought to challenge it for 1400 years. Ptolemy's model was also in use in planetariums until modern times, when computer driven planetariums took over. In Ptolemy's model both Venus and Mars have very large epicycles, which we now understand are there to account for the Earth's movement round the Sun.
Why models of the ealry ptolemy solar system were replaced by the copernican model?
The Ptolemaic Model followed a geocentric model of the solar system. This was then challenged by Nicolaus Copernicus, who claimed a heliocentric model which sparked an integral part of the Scientific Revolution called, the Copernican Revolution. Copernicus' proposal was followed by the Tychonic Model, with attempted to compromise with the geo- and heliocentric models. Then, Kepler improved by suggesting elliptical orbits. The Copernican Revolution came to a close with further speculation from Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton TL;DR Because they were wrong
What is difference between Copernicus and Kepler's description of planetary orbits?
Both models have the Sun in the centre and all the planets going round it, including the Earth. Copernicus (1543) used a system of circles and epicycles similar to the one used by Ptolemy over a thousand years earlier. Both models represented the movements of the planets among the stars with quite good accuracy. Kepler (1609) used the novel idea of elliptical orbits for the planets. Tycho Brahe had made new observations with unprecedented accuracy, and Kepler found that the new elliptical model fitted these observations more accurately than the other models. At the time the new model was published there was no way of deciding which model was right. But, 70-80 years later, Isaac Newton's theoretical discoveries in gravity and dynamics were used to show that the planets must follow elliptical orbits under the force of the Sun's gravity. After that Kepler's model was accepted generally.
What did Bohr’s model of the atom include that Rutherford’s model did not have?
Niels Bohr introduced the notion of electronic orbits.
What are wavy orbits?
according to the quantum mechanical model, electrons exist in? a. elliptical orbits b. wavy orbits c. orbitals d. cirular orbits
Kepler's first law worked where Copernicus' original heliocentric model failed because Kepler described the orbits as?
Copernicus's theory did not fail but it was not as accurate as the Kepler model because it did not include elliptical orbits for the planets, as Kepler's model did. However the data for calculating the elliptical orbits did not become available until well after Copernicus's death so he had no chance of knowing about this change. Copernicus's model which used circles and epicycles was accurate to the standard of the observations that were available to him.
Was Copernicus or Kepler more accurate?
Kepler's model of 1609 was more accurate than Copernicus' model of 1543 because it provided a more accurate fit to measurements of the planets' positions made by Tycho Brahe at the end of the 1500s. However, both models predicted the planets' positions fairly accurately, as did the ancient theory produced by Claudio Ptolemy (90-168). Kepler's model, which has the planets in elliptical orbits, became accepted as right after it was later demonstrated that the elliptical orbits were the result of the newly discovered law of gravity. Kepler's model is used today.
How does a model of the solar system in which the planets have elliptical orbits explain the difference in the speed of the planets?
The model doesn't just say the orbits are elliptical, it gives more details. Following Kepler's three laws it can be said that the average speed is inversely proportional to the square root of the major axis.
Where is planet Earth and the solar system located?
The heliocentric model is the one that has the Sun at the centre and the Earth the third planet out. We don't use the heliocentric model of Copernicus with its circles and epicycles, that was superseded by Kepler's model, but we still have the Sun at the centre.
What are the strengths of the heliocentric model?
Its main strength is that it is the model which is universally accepted by everyone. Copernicus put forward a heliocentric model that used circular orbits. That meant he couldn't completely eliminate all the complications of the old geocentric model, such as "epicycles". Later Kepler showed that the planets move in elliptical orbits. The basic idea of the heliocentric model is that the Sun is at the centre. One of the main strengths is the simplicity of the heliocentric model. Kepler's version (still used today) of the model with its elliptical orbits is particularly elegant and simple, with no epicycles.
What conclusion did Kepler eventually come to that revolutionized the heliocentric model of the solar system?
kepler determined the planetary orbits were elliptical
What are Six early ideas about planetary motion?
Eccentricity, geocentric model, heliocentric model, Kepler's second and third laws, elliptical orbits, and Newtons gravitation
Why was Ptolemy's Earth-centered system of epicycles taught throughout Europe for over a thousand years?
Because plain circular orbits could not explain the way the planets move. The philosophers said that the circle was the perfect curve, and Ptolemy's model used circles and epicycles. An epicycle is a small circle whose centre travels round a larger circle, and the planet then travels round the epicycle. Extra epicycles were added to account for things like the eccentric orbits (which are now recognised as elliptical), and the inclination of the orbits. However Ptolemy's model represented the movements of the planets pretty accurately which is why no-one thought to challenge it for 1400 years. Ptolemy's model was also in use in planetariums until modern times, when computer driven planetariums took over. In Ptolemy's model both Venus and Mars have very large epicycles, which we now understand are there to account for the Earth's movement round the Sun.
How did Johannes Kepler figure out that the planets had an elliptical orbit?
The circular orbits that were being used at the time to model the solar system did not quite work with mathematical predictions or observations. Kepler found that elliptical orbits provided more accurate predictions of where the heavenly bodies would appear in the sky.
Why models of the ealry ptolemy solar system were replaced by the copernican model?
The Ptolemaic Model followed a geocentric model of the solar system. This was then challenged by Nicolaus Copernicus, who claimed a heliocentric model which sparked an integral part of the Scientific Revolution called, the Copernican Revolution. Copernicus' proposal was followed by the Tychonic Model, with attempted to compromise with the geo- and heliocentric models. Then, Kepler improved by suggesting elliptical orbits. The Copernican Revolution came to a close with further speculation from Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton TL;DR Because they were wrong
What is difference between Copernicus and Kepler's description of planetary orbits?
Both models have the Sun in the centre and all the planets going round it, including the Earth. Copernicus (1543) used a system of circles and epicycles similar to the one used by Ptolemy over a thousand years earlier. Both models represented the movements of the planets among the stars with quite good accuracy. Kepler (1609) used the novel idea of elliptical orbits for the planets. Tycho Brahe had made new observations with unprecedented accuracy, and Kepler found that the new elliptical model fitted these observations more accurately than the other models. At the time the new model was published there was no way of deciding which model was right. But, 70-80 years later, Isaac Newton's theoretical discoveries in gravity and dynamics were used to show that the planets must follow elliptical orbits under the force of the Sun's gravity. After that Kepler's model was accepted generally.
