Ptolemy

Cleopatra's brother Ptolemy XIII enraged Julius Caesar by attempting to assert his authority over Egypt and challenge Cleopatra's claim to the throne. When Caesar arrived in Alexandria, Ptolemy's forces confronted him, leading to a power struggle between the siblings. Additionally, Ptolemy's refusal to cooperate with Caesar's attempts to stabilize the situation and his aggressive actions prompted Caesar to support Cleopatra instead. This ultimately contributed to Ptolemy's downfall and exacerbated tensions between him and Caesar.

The maps of Ptolemy and al-Idrisi significantly advanced European navigation by providing detailed geographical knowledge and improved cartographic techniques. Ptolemy's work introduced the concept of latitude and longitude, enabling mariners to plot more accurate courses. Al-Idrisi’s maps, created in the 12th century, incorporated extensive information from various cultures, enhancing the understanding of the Mediterranean and beyond. Together, these maps equipped European navigators with essential tools for exploration and trade during the Age of Discovery.

People did not trust Copernicus's heliocentric model primarily because it challenged the long-standing Ptolemaic geocentric view that had been endorsed by the Church and widely accepted for centuries. The Ptolemaic system was deeply ingrained in cultural and religious beliefs, making it difficult for people to accept a radically different perspective. Additionally, Copernicus lacked sufficient observational evidence to convincingly argue for his theory at the time, leading many to remain skeptical of his claims.

Galileo, Copernicus, and Ptolemy were key figures in the history of astronomy, each contributing to our understanding of the universe. Ptolemy, in the 2nd century, proposed the geocentric model, placing Earth at the center of the universe, which dominated for centuries. In the 16th century, Copernicus challenged this view with his heliocentric model, suggesting that the sun is at the center, revolutionizing astronomical thought. Galileo, in the early 17th century, supported Copernicus's theory through his telescopic observations, ultimately facing opposition from the Church for advocating this shift away from the geocentric perspective.

The phrase "There is no royal road to geometry" is attributed to the ancient Greek mathematician Euclid. He reportedly said this to King Ptolemy II of Egypt when the king sought an easier way to learn geometry. Euclid's response emphasizes that the study of mathematics requires effort and dedication, regardless of one's status or privilege.

The model that posits the universe expands and contracts in a regular pattern is known as the "cyclic model" or "oscillating universe theory." This theory suggests that the universe undergoes a series of expansions and contractions, with each cycle potentially leading to a new Big Bang. The cyclic model contrasts with the more widely accepted Big Bang theory, which describes a one-time expansion of the universe. Proponents of this model explore the implications for cosmic evolution, entropy, and the nature of time itself.

Ptolemy, the ancient Greek astronomer and geographer, is often depicted in artistic representations of the time, but there are no contemporary portraits that accurately capture his appearance. He lived in the 2nd century AD, and descriptions of him are sparse. Based on the cultural context, he likely had Mediterranean features, but any specific details about his looks remain largely speculative. Most of what we know about him comes from his works rather than visual depictions.

The first scientist to dispute Ptolemy's geocentric model was Nicolaus Copernicus. In the early 16th century, Copernicus proposed a heliocentric model, placing the Sun at the center of the universe and suggesting that the Earth and other planets revolve around it. His work, particularly the publication of "De revolutionibus orbium coelestium" in 1543, laid the groundwork for the Scientific Revolution and fundamentally changed our understanding of the cosmos.

Ptolemy II Philadelphus, one of the most notable rulers of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, is known to have had several children, including Ptolemy III Euergetes, who succeeded him. However, the exact number of his children can be difficult to determine due to the historical complexities and variations in ancient records. Generally, it is believed that he had at least three children, but accounts may vary.

Ptolemy's model, known as the geocentric system, posits that the Earth is at the center of the universe, with celestial bodies, including the Sun, Moon, and planets, moving in circular orbits around it. To account for the observed retrograde motion of planets, he introduced epicycles—small circles along which planets moved while simultaneously orbiting the Earth on larger circles called deferents. This complex system aimed to accurately predict the positions of celestial bodies, despite its eventual replacement by the heliocentric model proposed by Copernicus.

spinning in smaller orbits as they make the bigger revolutution

he found out the sun was the center of the universe

1. The daily motion of celestial bodies appeared to revolve around the Earth, suggesting it was the central point.
2. Retrograde motion of planets, where they appeared to move backwards in the sky, was explained by placing Earth at the center.
3. The lack of observed stellar parallax (shift in the position of stars due to Earth's orbit) supported the idea of Earth being stationary at the center of the universe.

The book "Geographia" is commonly attributed to the Greek astronomer and mathematician Claudius Ptolemy. It was a comprehensive work on geography and cartography that laid the foundation for mapmaking in the ancient world.

He proposed the Geocentric model of the universe. In that model, the Earth was at the center and all planets orbited it. This was naturally inferred from the apparent motion of the Sun and stars as the Earth rotates.

The early Ptolemaic model placed Earth at the center of the solar system, which led to complex explanations for retrograde motion of planets. The Copernican model shifted the center to the Sun, providing a simpler explanation for planetary movements. Additionally, the Copernican model was supported by observational evidence and eventually gained wider acceptance due to its better predictive power.

Africa was not missing from Ptolemy's map; it was just depicted inaccurately due to limitations in geographical knowledge at the time. Ptolemy's map of Africa showed it as much smaller and further to the south than it actually is. Misinterpretation of ancient texts and lack of exploration of the continent contributed to this error.

Ptolemy said the Earth is the center of the universe, everything revolves around it once a day. Copernicus said the Sun is the center of our galaxy, and there are other galaxies that just wander around the universe.

Cleopatra and Ptolemy XIII went to all out war in 47 BC. Julius Caesar intervened or interfered, (depending upon your perception of the events) and this was the Alexandrian War in which Caesar came very close to being defeated and Ptolemy died.

Cleopatra and Ptolemy XIII went to all out war in 47 BC. Julius Caesar intervened or interfered, (depending upon your perception of the events) and this was the Alexandrian War in which Caesar came very close to being defeated and Ptolemy died.

Cleopatra and Ptolemy XIII went to all out war in 47 BC. Julius Caesar intervened or interfered, (depending upon your perception of the events) and this was the Alexandrian War in which Caesar came very close to being defeated and Ptolemy died.

Cleopatra and Ptolemy XIII went to all out war in 47 BC. Julius Caesar intervened or interfered, (depending upon your perception of the events) and this was the Alexandrian War in which Caesar came very close to being defeated and Ptolemy died.

Cleopatra and Ptolemy XIII went to all out war in 47 BC. Julius Caesar intervened or interfered, (depending upon your perception of the events) and this was the Alexandrian War in which Caesar came very close to being defeated and Ptolemy died.

Cleopatra and Ptolemy XIII went to all out war in 47 BC. Julius Caesar intervened or interfered, (depending upon your perception of the events) and this was the Alexandrian War in which Caesar came very close to being defeated and Ptolemy died.

Cleopatra and Ptolemy XIII went to all out war in 47 BC. Julius Caesar intervened or interfered, (depending upon your perception of the events) and this was the Alexandrian War in which Caesar came very close to being defeated and Ptolemy died.

Cleopatra and Ptolemy XIII went to all out war in 47 BC. Julius Caesar intervened or interfered, (depending upon your perception of the events) and this was the Alexandrian War in which Caesar came very close to being defeated and Ptolemy died.

Cleopatra and Ptolemy XIII went to all out war in 47 BC. Julius Caesar intervened or interfered, (depending upon your perception of the events) and this was the Alexandrian War in which Caesar came very close to being defeated and Ptolemy died.

Ptolemy XIII drowned in the Nile trying to escape Caesar's forces. Cleopatra had nothing to do with his death.

Ptolemy XIII drowned in the Nile trying to escape Caesar's forces. Cleopatra had nothing to do with his death.

Ptolemy XIII drowned in the Nile trying to escape Caesar's forces. Cleopatra had nothing to do with his death.

Ptolemy XIII drowned in the Nile trying to escape Caesar's forces. Cleopatra had nothing to do with his death.

Ptolemy XIII drowned in the Nile trying to escape Caesar's forces. Cleopatra had nothing to do with his death.

Ptolemy XIII drowned in the Nile trying to escape Caesar's forces. Cleopatra had nothing to do with his death.

Ptolemy XIII drowned in the Nile trying to escape Caesar's forces. Cleopatra had nothing to do with his death.

Ptolemy XIII drowned in the Nile trying to escape Caesar's forces. Cleopatra had nothing to do with his death.

Ptolemy XIII drowned in the Nile trying to escape Caesar's forces. Cleopatra had nothing to do with his death.

Ptolemy invented improved projections. It is known that a world map based on the Geography was on display in Autun(France) in late Roman times. In the 15th century this work was printed with beautifully drawn maps. They look distorted as compared to modern maps, because his data were inaccurate. One reason is that Ptolemy estimated the Earth too small he has small balls

Ptolemy proposed a geocentric model, with Earth at the center and planets orbiting it. Copernicus suggested a heliocentric model, with the Sun at the center of the solar system. Galileo's telescopic observations supported the heliocentric model and provided evidence for Copernicus' theory.