phillip the second or alex. the great
To prevent Persian takeover of the Greek cities in Europe as had already happened to the Greek cities in Asia.
At Marathon and Salamis, the Greek cities defeated the Persian forces. At Thermopylai the Persian forces defeated the Greek cities.
Greek cities interfered in the Persian Empire in support of the Greek cities within the Empire. This led the Persians to think that the only way for peace was to absorb the Greek cities into the Empire. A fifty-year war ensued.
The Greek cities within the Persian Empire revolted and were put down. Athens and Eretria from peninsular Greece intervened, embroiling the Greek cities of mainland Greece. The Persian king became convinced that the only way to ensure peace was to bring all the Greek cities under his control.
The Greek city-states of Asia Minor revolted against Persian rule, and this spread to the mainland Greek cities.
The Greeks formed and executed a superior strategy - to eliminate the Persian naval threat to their cities and then send out their armies, which had been held back to protect their cities, to unite and drive back the Persian land force. They defeated the Persian navy at Salamis, and as the Persians had no fleet to protect their resupply ships, they had to send half their army home for the winter. In the spring, the Greek cities sent out their armies which combined to defeat the half-strength Persian army and its Greek allies at Plataea. At the same time the Greek fleet finished off the Persian fleet rump holed up at Mycale.
Persian War: The Greek cities of Asia Minor provided a third of the Persian navy for the 480 invasion of southern Greece. The Greek city states of central Greece provided a substantial part of the Persian army which fought the southern Greek armies. Peloponnesian War: Athens and the cities in its empire fought the mainly Peloponnesian cities led by Sparta.
They were two different wars - the Persian War wass the persian Empire versus the mainland Greek cities, and the Peloponnesian War was between Greek cities. The Greeks won some, lost some in both wars.
Earth and water.
Alexander the Great.
After the Empire was established, their main problem was the Greek cities of Asia Minor which they had incorporated into the empire. These cities rebelled and it took six ears to suppress the revolt.some Greek cities in mainland Greece had supported the revolts, Persia decided to incorporate all the cities within the empire in order to control them. This resulted in a 50-year war until the Persians gave up. Then Macedonia dominated the European Greek cities and invaded the Persian Empire and took it over.
The Persian army versus contingents from southern Greek cities.