Yes, the Middle East attacked the Byzantine Empire, i.e. in the Levant. The Turks also attacked the Byzantine Empire.
The Byzantine empire was in the east. It's capitol was in present day Turkey.
There is no such thing as a western Byzantine Empire, only an east (Byzantine) and west Roman Empire.
The Middle Ages came after the ancient period. They began with the fall of the Roman Empire of the West in 476 and ended with the fall of the Roman Empire of the East (Byzantine Empire) in 1453.
East.
Justinian ruled in the East, in the Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern side of the Roman Empire, centered on Constantinople. At its core were Greece and the Anatolian Peninsula, but the Empire also included Italy, Egypt, North Africa, the Middle East, Southern Spain, and Bulgaria during the course of its existence.
Charlemagne's empire was called the Empire of the Roman People. This was rather inconvenient, because the East Roman Empire was still operating and WA also called the Empire of the Roman People. So today, historians call Charlemagne's empire the Carolingian Empire and the East Roman Empire of the Middle Ages is called the Byzantine Empire.
Much of the upper Middle East (like the Levant, Anatolia, Iraq, and Egypt) was controlled by the Byzantine Empire. Persia was controlled by the Sassanian Empire. The Arabian Peninsula was controlled by various small tribes.
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The Byzantine Empire and Sassanian Persia were the two great powers in the Middle East in the 400s-634 C.E., before the Rise of Islam.
Christians from the West and Muslims from the East attacked the empire. Asia Minor was lost to these invaders. This greatly weakened the empire, which had depended on Asia Minor for food and materials as well as soldiers. Before long the Byzantine Empire was reduced to a small area around Constantinople.
After the Byzantine-Sassanid War of 602-28 Syria became again a province of the Byzantine Empire. During the Muslim conquests of 634-718 Syria is conquered and became a caliphate (Islamic state) in the Middle East.