Jews believe the Old Testament, but they don't believe most of the New. So yes they did.
The Jews believe in the story of Moses, as he is their prophet and leader.
Moses.
There is no reason to not believe that Mohammed existed. However, he plays no role at all in Judaism.
We believe that Moses received the Torah from the top of Mt. Sinai.
Please, please read the Bible! Jesus did not give the Ten Commandments to Moses. Moses received the Ten Commandments from God.
Many Traditional Jews believe the Torah was given to Moses directly from God. Others believe God dictated it to Moses. Many non-Orthodox Jews believe the Torah was inspired by God, but written by Moses and/or other annonymous writers. And there are many other views as well, including those Jews who believe the Torah was completely man-made with no divine element at all.
Aaron was the older brother to Moses, he had a sister called Miriam.
Joshua took over the leadership of the Jews, after the death of Moses.
Moses existed before Muhammad, by thousands of years.
God. If your question is referring to human beings, we believe the most in God's servant Moses (Numbers ch.12; Deuteronomy ch.34).
Islam believe that Moses is a prophet.
Moses.