No. Judaism recognizes that "common sense" and "conscience" are only the set of prejudices acquired during the first few years of life, and that human instincts are just as self-centered as those of any other living creature. The crucial standard of moral and ethical behavior is the written system furnished from without.
It's important to recognize that anybody of whom it can be said in the 21st Century that "He has a good heart" didn't get that way because he was born with some genetic predisposition to high moral instincts, but because of the system of ethics and morality he absorbed as he grew.
Indeed, "morals" are not instinctive altogether ! They're an evolved system that one has to learn.
Conscience's source is community. The way that our community is run by the citizens.
The people are the source of government authority
Their moral code.
The Jewish source of authority is the TeNaKh.
Shinto has no absolute source of authority.
The people of the United States is the source of authority of the constitution.Your welcome :)
The authority and power of goberment comes from God
If there is a preposition following authority, it is often "of" indicating the source of authority. The prepositions "in" or "for" would indicate the scope of authority.
That being shomer mitzvot (a guardian or keeper of the commandments) is the most important thing, and that Orthodox Rabbis are the source of authority about how to do this.
The people
it is boring
No.