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That's one way to look at it.
When a refrigerant is compressed it still contains the same amount of heat energy (don't confuse that with temperature, that's something else altoghether) that it had BEFORE it was compressed and since the volume is smaller, the temperature goes up. The state change (gas to liquid) also gives off a lot of heat, but don't let that part confuse you. The compressed (and heated) refrigerant is then passed through a coil of tubing and the heated refrigerant is cooled by the ambient air completing the gas to liquid state change.
Then the compressed refrigerant passes through an orfice (a restriction in the tube) and is allowed to "flash" back to a gas. Now it's at a much lower pressure and the volume of refrigerant now contains much less heat (again, not to be confused with temperature) that it did when it was a liquid. Another part of the process is referred to as the "heat of vaporization", which really cools things off, sort of like the cooling from sweat when you get hot.
But it's all a balance, since the cool air that was generated for the INSIDE of your car or house eventuall leaks out to the outside air, resulting in a net zero effect.

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Q: Do air conditioners extract the cool air from the atmosphere as part the cooling process?
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