No, there is no Constitutional mandate on Electors following the popular vote of their state. I think that there has been three instances of this, however, I cannot recite what elections they are.
Not necessarily. Although the Electorates typically vote the way the popular vote goes for there state, four presidents have won because the electoates voted differently than the popular vote the most recent example being the 2000 election of George W. Bush.
No. They can vote however they see fit. That said, it is quite rare for an elector to vote against the public. Electors are chosen by their party expressly for loyalty to the party and ballot candidate. An elector who deviates from the popular vote is called a "Faithless Elector"
No, for two reasons. Some states award all their votes to the candidate with the most popular votes nationally, regardless of how they do in that state or else split their votes by Congressional district. The other reason is that electors are not bound to vote according to instructions. There have been some faithless electors who crossed their parties.
They do not legally have to be from different states, but if they are not, a serious problem would arise in a close election. Electors can not vote for both a president and vice-president from their own state,so if both candidates were from the same state and the electors cast their ballots for the presidential candidate, the vice-president would not be short of a majority.
Electors from the states.
The number of electors required to win the presidency in the United States is 270 (as of 2014). The candidate has to receive the absolute majority of the votes.
It was in December
These people are called electors. They make up the electoral college which formally elects the President.
The electors, aka the Electoral College (though that term is not used in the Constitution). The US Constitution specifies the number of electors and the way they are to be apportioned among the states. It doesn't explicitly state how the states are to choose their electors. At present, all state choose their electors based on the results of the popular election; in most states it's on a "winner take all" basis, but they're not required to do it that way.
The citizens of the united states - but only indirectly. President and Vice President are chosen by Electors appointed by the States, in such manner as the Legislature of each state shall determine. In practice, since 1876 all the States have chosen their Electors by direct popular vote.
presidential electors
Amendment 12
Only that citizens have the right to vote for a US Representative if they are able to vote in the largest house of their state's legislature. People did not have the right to vote, granted by the Constitution, for anything else including Senators and the President/Vice President. Some states did have popular voting for Senators and Presidential Electors at the time, but it was not required. It is still not required for states to allow popular voting for Presidential Electors, however all states practice this.
Yes, the legally qualified voters who live in DC are allowed to vote for president. DC has been given three electoral votes and their electors vote along with all the electors from the states.
Electoral votes in the U.S. Electoral College determine the President and Vice President of the United States.