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Do receptor proteins bind only to signals that match the specific color of the binding site?
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Which receives signals a fluid mosaic model or a receptor?
a receptor
What is a signal transduction pathway?
A signal transduction pathway is a group of proteins that carry out transducing signals (which means it converts signals from outside the cell to a different signal inside the cell). A good example can be viewed when a hormone binds to the receptor in the plasma membrane (outside the cell), the receptor which has now been activated can now interact with intercellular proteins which produce new signals inside the cell.
What are gene switches?
proteins that binds to a specific DNA sequence to alter the expression of a gene. The genetic switch turns genes on and off in response to specific signals.
What are some analogies of glycoproteins?
A combination of carbohydrates and proteins glycproteins are receptor molecules that are used as signals to get messages from one cell to another: they detect the surroundings of the cell (i.e hormones, sugar signals etc) According to Answers.com: Any of a group of conjugated proteins having a carbohydrate as the nonprotein component.
What is the structure of receptor proteins?
Receptors are plasma membrane proteins that bind specific molecules, e.g., growth factors, hormones, or neurotransmitters, and then transmit a signal to the cell's interior that causes the cell to respond ina aspecific manner, a process called signal transduction cascade.There are several types of receptor proteins grouped in families of transmembrane proteins. For some families of important membrane proteins, e.g., ion channel proteins, the hydropathy plots (those that help to predict the hydrophobic regions of a membrane protein according to its amino acid sequence and hydropathic index) is often not very reliable because that the membrane-spanning regions of these proteins from channels in the membrane while on the other hand they need hydrophilic residues to line the surface of the channels in contact with the aqueous phase. These are the most important and most well-known receptor-protein families:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases. Known as RPTKs, are type I transmembrane proteins, with their N-termini outside of the cell and single membrane-spanning regions. The structural features that are the transmembrane domain that divides the molecule into a ligand-binding domain and a cytoplasmic domain that contains a conserved protein kinase catalytic domain. On the outside, the N-terminal end, RPTK has a signal peptide that ensures that the protein will be targeted to the secretory pathway. This is followed by an extracellular domain of several hundred amino acids that contain N-linked glycosilation sites, a distintive pattern of cysteine residues, and often a characteristic array of structural motifs. The transmembrane domain consists of about 24 hydrophobic residues that are usually succeeded by several basic residues that function as a stop-transfer signal. On the cytoplasmic side of the membrane there is a juxtamembrane region, usually of around 50 residues long, and which in some cases is known to have important regulatory functions. Next follows the catalytic domain, which is related to the catalytic domains of the cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine kinases and the protein-serine/threonine kinases, and is about 250 residues in length, excluding inserts. The phospho-transfer function lies entirely whithin this region. The region C-terminal to the catalytic domain is of variable length and can be up to 200 residues. The functions of this C-terminal tail vary among members of the RPTKs. Exmaples of this kind of receptors are: EGFR (Epidermial Growth Factor Receptor), PDGFR (Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor), IR (Insulin Receptor), NGFR (Nerve Growth Factor Receptor), FGFR (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor), etc.G proteins. Several important physiological responses like vision, smell, and stress response produce large metabolic effects from a small number of input signals. The receptors for these signals have two things in common, first, they are transmembrane proteins with seven helices spanning the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane, and second, the signals received by these receptors are amplified and the amplifiers are members of a common family of proteins called G proteins. Most G proteins are heterotrimers consisting of a one copy of alpha (45 kD), beta (35 kD), and gamma (7 kD) subunits. The alpha subunits have GTPase activity and slowly hydrolyze GTP to GDP and inorganic phosphate. The GTP-bound form of the protein is the active form and sends a signal from the receptor to some cellular effector protein. Examples of these kind of receptors are: beta-adrenergic receptor, rhodopsin, mast cell IgE receptor, and muscarinic receptor.
What are membrane proteins that bind to signals by which cells communicate?
receptor proteins
What is the job of the receptor proteins?
The job of a receptor protein is to receive chemical signals from outside the cell.
Proteins each of which has a three dimensional shape complementary to that of a specific signal molecule?
You are likely referring to receptor proteins. Receptor proteins are used extensively in the endocrine, nervous and immune systems to carry out signal transduction and communication between cells. For example, an endocrine receptor may be the insulin receptor, which dimerizes upon signal molecule (insulin) binding and induces a series of changes in the cell leading to increased glucose uptake, increased glycolysis and decreased gluconeogenesis. A nervous system receptor may be a neurotransmitter receptor located at synapses that induces an action potential in the downstream neuron if it binds to a neurotransmitter released by the upstream neuron. The immune system makes extensive use of receptors and these receptors may be cell-surface bound or even soluble (e.g. antibodies). They are involved either in recognizing foreign molecules, transmission of activation signals for leukocytes, or administration of death (apoptosis) signals to other kinds of cells.
Alcohol inhibits transmission of nerve signals by?
changing the neuron membrane structure, which changes the shape of receptor proteins
Do cells respond to every signal?
It will only respond if it has a receptor for that signal
Which receives signals a fluid mosaic model or a receptor?
a receptor
A nervous system can alter activities in its target cells in muscles and glands because?
the target cells have receptor proteins for the signals released by the nervous system.
What is the purpose of receptor proteins?
The intracellular proteins form the most important class of receptors called receptor proteins. Receptor proteins are located in the cytoplasm, cell membrane, or nuclear membrane. 1. Cytoplasmic receptor proteins include those that respond to steroid hormones. Ligand activated receptors may enter the cell nucleus where they modulate gene expression. 2. Receptors within cell membranes may be peripheral or trans-membrane proteins. Many receptors for hormones and neurotransmission are trans-membrane proteins. - a. Metabotropic receptors are coupled to G-proteins, acting through various secondary pathways involving ion channels, enzymes such as adenylyl (adenylate) cyclases, and phospholipases, or PDZ domains. - b. Ionotropic receptors are ligand-activated ion channels that permit entry of ions when the central pore is open. A receptor protein is protein molecule that found embedded in the plasma membrane surface of a cell. It receives chemical signals from outside the cell.
What is another name for integral proteins?
Integral proteins can be receptors, but not all integral proteins are. Therefore you cannot use the terms integral and receptor interchangeably. Integral proteins are proteins that are permanently attached to the membrane, and span the width (go from one side to the other). Receptor proteins are found on the surface of a cell and receive signals from other cells or the environment.
What substance on the plasma membrane helps identify chemical signals from outside the cell?
carbohydrates
Is proteins production part of membrane proteins?
Membrane proteins and all other proteins are produced in cytoplasm. The proteins targeted to membranes by specific signals. Golgi vesicles transport the proteins to membrane. Not all proteins are membrane proteins
What is the job of a receptor?
The job of a receptor protein is to receive chemical signals from outside the cell.
