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Proteins each of which has a three dimensional shape complementary to that of a specific signal molecule?
You are likely referring to receptor proteins. Receptor proteins are used extensively in the endocrine, nervous and immune systems to carry out signal transduction and communication between cells. For example, an endocrine receptor may be the insulin receptor, which dimerizes upon signal molecule (insulin) binding and induces a series of changes in the cell leading to increased glucose uptake, increased glycolysis and decreased gluconeogenesis. A nervous system receptor may be a neurotransmitter receptor located at synapses that induces an action potential in the downstream neuron if it binds to a neurotransmitter released by the upstream neuron. The immune system makes extensive use of receptors and these receptors may be cell-surface bound or even soluble (e.g. antibodies). They are involved either in recognizing foreign molecules, transmission of activation signals for leukocytes, or administration of death (apoptosis) signals to other kinds of cells.
What else can I help you with?
Why must a molecule have a specific shape if it is to be a substrate of an enzyme?
Active sites of enzymes (where the substrates fit in) are substrate specific, and are complementary to the shape of the molecule (substrate). In this way, enzymes can only act on a specific substrate, since that is the only shape that it will accommodate in the active site.
How do transport proteins work?
They are used in Facilitated Diffusion, helping to transport ions, macromolecules, and other substances incapable of entering a cell by themselves to cross through the plasma membrane of the cell.
How are genes and proteins related?
one gene codes for one protein - apex
Which part of the DNA molecule contains the genetic information used to make proteins?
The part of the DNA molecule that carries the genetic information is called the gene. It is the basic unit of heredity. The nucleotide base sequence encodes information. The bases of A,T and C,G code for the order of an Amino Acid which are the proteins. These four bases form millions of combinations that code for all the genetic material in a cell. These structures form the rungs of the ladder. DNA contains two different types of genes, known as introns and extrons. Extrons code for protein synthesis, and introns, as far as we can tell, play a role in determining when specific extrons will be expressed (which is to say, when they will actually be used for protein synthesis) and when they will remain dormant. Almost, the 4 types of nucleotides are "read" in groups of 3 to make 1 codon. Other than a start and stop codon, the rest are translated into amino acids. Those acids become proteins which are then made into genes, or cells of some kind.
What is the complementary sequence to the DNA strand TCGATGG?
AGCTACC. Thymine pairs with adenine and cytosine pairs with guanine.
What molecule group are Enzymes in?
Enzymes are proteins, which are made up of a chain of amino acids. These amino acids interact to form the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme, allowing it to catalyze specific chemical reactions in living organisms.
How does complementary base pairing within a single RNA molecule determine its structure and function?
Complementary base pairing within a single RNA molecule helps determine its structure and function by forming specific hydrogen bonds between adenine (A) and uracil (U), and between guanine (G) and cytosine (C). This pairing creates a stable double-stranded structure, allowing the RNA molecule to fold into specific shapes and interact with other molecules, such as proteins, to carry out its biological functions.
Which type of macro molecule is made of amino acids?
Proteins are the type of macromolecules made of amino acids. Each protein is a chain of amino acids folded into a specific three-dimensional structure that determines its function.
Which bonds often bind different parts of a molecule into a specific three dimensional shape?
Hydrogen
What type of organic molecule are enzymes?
the type of organic molecule an enzyme is would be a protien
What type of structure do proteins which act as enzymes possess?
Proteins that act as enzymes typically have a specific three-dimensional structure called an active site. This active site is where the enzyme binds to its target molecule, known as the substrate, to catalyze a chemical reaction. The structure of the active site allows enzymes to be highly specific in their function.
What determines the primary structure of an RNA molecule?
The primary structure of an RNA molecule is determined by the sequence of nucleotides (A, U, G, C) that are linked together through phosphodiester bonds in a specific order. This sequence is complementary to the DNA template from which the RNA is transcribed.
What uses channel proteins to help it across the cell membranes?
Water is one specific molecule. Its channel proteins are called aquaporins.
A DNA molecule contains thousands of what?
A DNA molecule contains thousands of genes, which are made up of sequences of nucleotides. Each gene provides the instructions for making specific proteins in an organism.
Why must a molecule have a specific shape if it is to be a substrate of an enzyme?
Active sites of enzymes (where the substrates fit in) are substrate specific, and are complementary to the shape of the molecule (substrate). In this way, enzymes can only act on a specific substrate, since that is the only shape that it will accommodate in the active site.
What proteins have a shape that allows only a specific molecule to bind to it?
Proteins that have a specific shape allowing only certain molecules to bind are known as "receptor proteins" or "enzymes." These proteins possess unique active sites or binding sites that are complementary in shape to the specific substrate or ligand they interact with, often described by the "lock and key" or "induced fit" models. This specificity is crucial for biological processes, as it enables precise interactions between molecules, such as hormone-receptor binding or enzyme-substrate catalysis. Examples include insulin receptors and enzymes like amylase.
How proteins are suited for their roles as receptor molecule?
Mark scheme: - Many different sorts of proteins - Different primary structure/sequences of amino acids - Tertiary structure - Shape; allowing formation of receptor/binding site/site into which substrate/substrate fits
