No, in a way they don't however, in a way they do.
In Sikhism you are to be quite very religious and not to cut your hair, take any form of alcohol, eat any form of meat, lie at all, and most of all you are to respect everyone. Although doing all this is optional and the only ones that do this all are Amritaries. The ones close to god and the ones that follow all these rules.
So, Amritari people are somewhat like monks or nuns but they believe that everyone is to be like that as it is a chosen way of life which is to be followed by all Sikhs.
Monks and nuns do the monks' and nuns' jobs now.
You just call Monks Monks and Nuns Nuns. They don't have any other names.
nuns
Monks - monastery. Nuns - convent.
Yes, there are Buddhist nuns as well as monks. They're known as Bhikkhuni.
Monks and nuns spread Byzantine influence through their missionary work.
No
monasteries- the dwelling place of a community of monks
A religious community of nuns is a convent.
Yes
The ordination of monks and nuns and the bi-weekly recitation of the rules for monks and nuns. Some schools of Buddhism have additional rituals.
Monks live in monasteries, and nuns live in convents or in monasteries.