No, they don't violate ANY conservation law. And specifically, they don't violate conservation of energy.Roughly speaking, the power (energy per second) in a current is equal to voltage times current. (There is also a power factor, which I won't treat in more detail here.)
In a perfect transformer, the output voltage might double (compared to the input); while the output current is reduced to 1/2 the input value. If you multiply the two together, you will get the same power in the input, and in the output.
In a real transformer, there will actually be some losses, so the product (voltage x current) will be slightly smaller in the output, compared to the input. For instance, the voltage might be doubled, while the output might change by a factor of 0.495 (0.5 would be a perfect transformer in this example).
It is not respected, as rulers violate laws as they please
It isn't entirely clear what you mean with "perpetual machine". If you mean the old dream of the "perpetuum mobile", such a machine would violate the Law of Conservation of Energy; there are various reasons to assume that this law can't be violated:* Despite lots of attempts, by thousands of ingenious inventors, and over centuries, nobody has managed to violate Conservation of Energy so far. * Violating Conservation of Energy would also violate lots of other laws of physics, which are generally considered to be true. For example, Conservation of Mass, and Conservation of Momentum. * By Nöther's Theorem, the possibility that the amount of energy changes over time would be equivalent to the laws of physics changing over time! - Nowadays, the Law of Conservation of Energy is normally derived from Nöther's Theorem.
The most relevant conservation law in this case is probably the Law of Conservation of Energy. The computer uses electrical energy, most of which is eventually converted into heat. A small part will go out as sound, and as low-frequency electromagnetic waves.
no Nothing violates that law.
If you violate laws or if it expires. Or if you didn't get it legally. If you violate laws or if it expires. Or if you didn't get it legally.
no Nothing violates that law.
no it does not violate the law of conservation of energy as energy is not lost/destroyed but transferred to the brakes of the truck.
No, it does not violate the law of conservation of energy. When a particle falls, its potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. The total energy (potential + kinetic) remains constant, demonstrating the conservation of energy.
no
No. The corresponding noun for violate is violation.
No, fusion does not violate the law of conservation of matter. In fusion reactions, the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products, as mass is converted into energy according to Einstein's famous equation, Emc2.
No, nothing can violate the law of conservation of energy, it's a law! Energy can convert to mass, and mass can convert to energy, but the overall total of mass and energy in the universe is constant.