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No, they don't violate ANY conservation law. And specifically, they don't violate conservation of energy.Roughly speaking, the power (energy per second) in a current is equal to voltage times current. (There is also a power factor, which I won't treat in more detail here.)

In a perfect transformer, the output voltage might double (compared to the input); while the output current is reduced to 1/2 the input value. If you multiply the two together, you will get the same power in the input, and in the output.

In a real transformer, there will actually be some losses, so the product (voltage x current) will be slightly smaller in the output, compared to the input. For instance, the voltage might be doubled, while the output might change by a factor of 0.495 (0.5 would be a perfect transformer in this example).

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