Specifically for tranquilizing 'nuisance' bears, yes.
NO
Some law enforcement rangers may.
Some do, some don't. Depends on their exact job description.
guns
Only Space Rangers have guns.
No they carry spud guns
what guns do the mushes carry at the iditarod
South Africa has rangers who oversee the safety of the wildlife in protected areas of South Africa.
FBI employees are not required to carry guns.
by counting them
No, prisoners are not allowed to carry guns or any weapons for that matter.
Normally, for the same reason men carry guns. For self defense.
Paintball guns were widly used as marking guns by the wildlife police.