Yes, I have the same moon as you do and everybody else on Earth.
No, the planets have different number of moons, from zero to about 60-70.
Yes.
No, not all planets have the same number of moons. For example, Mercury and Venus have no moons, Earth has one moon, Mars has two moons, while Jupiter has over 70 moons. The number of moons can vary from planet to planet.
No planet! However, Venus has no moons and is not much smaller than Earth.
No, due to it's orbit, the same side is always to us.
no
Australia has the same number of moons as the rest of the Earth: just one.
No they are not
Mars has 2 moons, Jupiter has 79 moons, Saturn has 82 moons, Earth has 1 moon, Uranus has 27 moons, and Neptune has 14 moons.
no. Earth and Mars are the only terrestrials with moons.
The planet you are describing matches the characteristics of Venus. Venus is nearly the same size as Earth, has no moons, and its atmosphere is mostly composed of carbon dioxide, with thick clouds of sulfuric acid.
No, Jupiter's moons do not have phases like Earth's moon. Phases are caused by the changing positions of the sun, Earth, and moon, but Jupiter's moons have no light of their own and do not reflect sunlight in the same way.