No. It is
not a proper
nou
n.
I would capitalize it, simply because it is a proper noun. This basically means there are not several "creationisms", but one (though there can be variations on the basic beliefs).
No.
Yes it does.
Yes, you should capitalize the C in Century.
Capitalize the "c" in the word congress when you're referring specifically to the United States Congress or the title of another specific congress.
In Germany: yes, since it is a noun. Otherwise, since it is no more than a term indicating a particular set of belief-systems, one does not need to capitalize the word.
no
You capitalize the c and the g if the Cool Guy is someones nickname; you don't capitalize the c and the g if it's just any cool guy or a description. Example: We call my friend Jeremy, Cool Guy. I hope that I meet a cool guy at the party.
YES
C is incorrect. You do capitalize the first word of every sentence, and each of the seasons is a proper noun. Each of the months is a proper noun, too, but not the days. For example, you would not capitalize "fifth" in, "August fifth" or "first" in "the first of February."
Christopher (capitalize the "c")
Technically, there is no such thing as scientific creationism. Creationism is per definition un- or even anti-scientific.