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In the US, since copyright law was amended in 1989, it has not been necessary to display a copyright notice for protection.
No. Since 1989 it has not been necessary to put a copyright notice on any work in order for it to be protected
In the USA and more than 160 other countries of the Berne Union, the answer is that no copyright notice is necessary. This has been the law in the USA since 1989, meaning that things published prior to that, by US authors in the USA, were required to have copyright "notice", whether using the word "copyright", "copr." or the copyright symbol, followed by the publication date, followed by the name of the copyright owners. Laws for Copyright notice in other countries may vary.
Yes it, in all likelihood it is an infringement of copyright. Whether or not a copyright symbol is displayed has no bearing on the materials copyright status. Since the law was amended in 1989 it has not been required to have a copyright notice in evidence to maintain protection.
No; notification is not required for protection. It is, however, very helpful for potential users.
No. With copyright, you should assume something IS protected, until you have evidence to say otherwise. Copyright applies to something as soon as it is fixed in a tangible form. No (C) symbol is needed.
The copyright notice and other cataloging data is usually on the reverse of the title page.
Same as copyright notice for anything else: Copyright, or copr. or circle-C, the date of copyright and the author or other copyright owner's name. E.g., "Copyright 2012 Walt Disney Productions, Inc."
There are a great many "urban myths" surrounding copyright law but the two most popular are probably... 1) You have to put a copyright notice on a work to protect it (not since 1989) 2) If I don't charge money for it it's not an infringement. (yes it is)
It can be. Notification is not required for protection.
A notice can be added as soon as the project is complete, even before registration.
Yes.