no
because we are in it!!! We can -- just not from an outside view like how we perceive other galaxies. If you look up at the night sky on a clear night with little light pollution, you can see a cloudy region stretching from horizon to horizon across the plane of the ecliptic. That region is the Milky Way, seen from the inside.
Mercury has no light of it's own, but it does reflect sunlight. That is how we can see it in the morning and evenings low on the horizon.
You can see it just before sunrise and just after sunset depending on the relative positions of the Earth and mercury. It is very close to the sun so you will need to know when and where to look
To see the full moon when it first rises, look toward the eastern horizon. The moon rises in the eastern part of the sky and moves westward as the night progresses.
One has to look to east before sunrise, or to the west after sunset. The best way to know when to look is using a skychart software.
We can see them when they are above the horizon and the Sun is below the horizon. They still receive sunlight when we are having our night-time, and what we see is the part of the planet that is in sunlight. Jupiter is brighter because it is very much bigger, despite being a lot further away.
People with reasonably good eyesight can see several planets in the night sky. Jupiter is often the brightest object in the sky when the Moon is not above the horizon. Saturn, Mars, and Venus are also easily visible at least part of every year. Mercury is a bit more difficult. A few people with good eyes can spot Uranus, if they know where to look.
To see the Earth, look down. To see the Moon, you have to be outside and look at the sky. Note that the Moon is not always above the horizon.
Our eyes can only see as far as the horizon, due to the curvature of the Earth. For instance, an observer standing on a hill 100 feet (30 m) in height, their horizon is at a distance of 12.2 miles (19.6 km). Obviously, without the restriction of a horizon, we can look out far into space on a dark night and see our moon and many stars and planets with the naked eye - even better with a telescope.
Yes, but only for a short time after sunset or before sunrise. It would not be seen throughout the night, because it is close to the sun. You would not see it every night, only on rare occasions, because it is so close to the sun.
The horizon appears at eye level because of the curvature of the Earth. As you stand on the ground, the Earth's surface curves away from you in all directions, creating the illusion that the horizon is always at eye level no matter where you look.
No. The Earth is rotating, so the stars appear to be moving. Even in a few minutes you can see this happening. If you look at a star and look straight down to the horizon, or a rooftop or a tree top or whatever you will have a reference point for where it is. Just a few minutes later, if you are still in the same position and look again, you will see that the star appears to have moved. Sometimes you will see a star disappear behind a branch of a tree and come out on the other side a few minutes later. If the moon is out, you can look at how near a star is to it and then later in the night if you look again, you will see the distance has changed. So the night sky is constantly changing. That is part of the wonder of it.