No, for domestic flights, you will need a form of photographic ID, not necessarily a passport.
Yes, a passport is required when flying into Scotland from East Midlands or any other destination outside of the UK. Make sure to check the entry requirements for your specific nationality before traveling.
You don't need any form of passport to cross the border between England and Scotland as they are the same nation. It's possible that the airline may require a passport for identification though.
no
Yes
no dumasses
You don't need a passport to travel between England and Scotland. They are both part of the UK. However, most airlines now insist that you produce a valid photo ID before you board an aircraft - regardless of where that aircraft is flying to. A valid passport - from any country - is the easiest way of doing that.
Some airlines require passport or driving license while others e.g. bmi or BA do not ask for identification.
No, as long as you are a passport holder of England or USA, you can fly in between without a visa
yes
If you're from England and flying throughout England, no. But if you're from a different country and fly there, yes. But once you're there, you only need to use the passport to get out of the country.
yes
Nobody requires a passport to travel between London (England) and Scotland, as both are part of the UK.