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Yes, very much.

The length that light/electricity travel at a clock frequency of 1GHz is around a foot - 34cm. So, at 2GHz, no wires must be longer than around 16 cm, to be in the same clock cycle - not the next. Well, to be on the safe side, halve of that.

The Intel instruction set is made so that it requires 1, 3 or 5 clock cycles. Now the memory is usually more than 8cm away from the CPU, so this runs much slower, say 250ns access time or 1/10 of the clock frequency of the CPU.

So, the the cache is held on the microprocessor chip, allowing this to run on "full speed" - 10 times faster. If the cache is on a chip on the side - "Level 2 cache" it may run at half the speed of the CPU.

All instructions that makes changes to the memory will execute "Write through cache" so that the main memory is updated. If the next instruction will also modify memory, the previous write must complete - using 1, 3 or 5 cycles - or up to 50 instructions delays.

The simplest is to modify the code to minimise memory write-back, or allow this to proceed in parallel - "interleaved".

The amount of data that is written may also be reduced to allow better usage of the bus. 64 bit instruction will inevitably take longer time to execute and store the result in memory than a 32 bit instruction.

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Q: Does CPU performance is affected by the clock speed and the cache size and the transfer speed of the front bus?
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The performance of a CPU is least affected by its age, its size and weight. Performance is instead determined by model, clock speed and size of cache.


What does a fast clock do to the performance of the CPU?

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Does the CPU clock speed determines the performance of the CPU?

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