I've owned several Marlins over the years. As far as I know, they have never made a gun with interchangeable barrels. I don't see any in the current catalog either. However, they do own the H & R company, and that outfit does make reasonably priced guns that you can have fitted with extra barrels. Check them out at http://www.hr1871.com/ . I've owned a 30:30/20 gauge H & R combo for years. It's light, accurate, and works fine for deer and, with the shotgun barrel, for grouse and rabbits. They do have .17 rifles, but I haven't looked the catalog over in depth to see if the .17 is one of the rounds that you can have fitted to one of their guns as an extra barrel for sure, but I believe so. That might be an answer to your situation. Or, of course, you could just buy a Marlin in .17 caliber. I've always been very happy with a Marlin product. And, the H & R combo I have has given good service for 25 years or so. Either way, you should find a solution to your dilemma. To add to my answer above, yes. H&R does make rifles in .17 caliber.
Contact marlin customer service through their website.
I am Australian and I just paid $590 for my brand new Marlin 882 SS with a Nikko Stirling Scope. My good friend paid around $900 for the same rifle with no scope a few years ago. Hope this helps. In the US, this rifle if in decent used shape would go from $150 to $200, more with a scope mounted.