Any dividend will negatively impact firm value immediately after issue because a dividend represents a negative cash flow to the company.
Special dividends can positively and negatively affect firm value depending on the reason for the special dividend.
Firm value is impacted positively by special dividends that:
* Are payouts for early investors from operating cash flow to recoup a portion of their investment (suggests that the company can operate with less investment and more operating cash flow)
* Are payouts from cash raised through debt or other leverage instruments (suggests that the company operating cash flow can cover interest payments without worries of financial distress)
Firm value is impacted negatively by special dividends that:
* Are payouts to reduce unused cash/cash equivalents on the balance sheet (suggests that the company has run out of projects that can generate an appropriate internal rate of return)
* Are payouts not in cash but in stock and/or options (suggests that the company is overvalued and/or will artificially increase EPS without any changes in business practices)
The relevance theory of dividends suggests that dividends impact a firm's value, investor preferences, and information signaling. In contrast, the irrelevance theory of dividends proposes that dividend policy does not affect a firm's value because investors are indifferent between dividends and capital gains.
- shareholder's wealth - growth - dividend-payout ratio - leverage -
M-M HYPOTHESIS is irrelevent theory because the value of firm does not depend on the dividend policy formulated by the firm.
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if there is no growth in a firm the return of equity is equal to the dividend yield
Interest is a payment on debt (such as bonds or bank notes). A dividend is a distribution of earnings to the owners of a firm.
This is a false premise. Shareholders may invest in a company that has NEVER paid a dividend and never expect to collect a dividend; they only expect to recover the investment in other ways, such as the appreciated stock value. A company can certainly retain earnings to re-invest in itself, as for research and development, expansion into new markets, or even to re-purchase issued and outstanding shares, all for the "good of the company" as determined by the board of directors.
Relevance theory argues that dividends impact the value of a firm and therefore allocation decision should be based on investor preferences, while irrelevance theory posits that dividends have no impact on the firm's value and investors can create their own desired dividend stream by selling a portion of their shares.
In valuing a firm with no cash dividend, one approach is to assume that at some point in the future a cash dividend will be paid. You can then take the present value of future cash dividends. A second approach is to take the present value of future earnings as well as a future anticipated stock price. The discount rate applied to future earnings is generally higher than the discount rate applied to future dividends.
A policy of paying a low regular dividend plus a year-end extra in good years is a compromise between a stable dividend and a constant payout rate.This policy gives the firm flexibility.
Earnings are expected to decline.
Albert Eddy has written: 'Firm size and dividend announcements'