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Does an interrupt actually interrupt the execution of an instruction at any time during the instruction execution cycle?
Yes , an interrupt actually interrupt the execution of an instruction at any time during the instruction execution cycle.AS there the execution takes in 4 t cycles and t3 to take up the data and the 4th cycle for execution,if there is an interruption then there will be an interruption any time in any instruction execution cycle.
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What is the use of int 03?
The INT 03 instruction on the 8086/8088 and higher class processors is a program generated interrupt that only requires one byte in the opcode. Often, this is used by a debugger, to plant breakpoints at certain points in the code. During the interrupt servicing routine, the original opcode would be restored so that it could be executed if desired. Contrast this with the INT 01 instruction, which is actually a single step type of interrupt. In this case, the debugger sets the single step flag in the return PSW, and then simply returns to the program. No opcode needed to be planted, as there will be an automatic execution of just one instruction, and then the interrupt will occur. The difference is in performance. INT 03 can allow the program to run at full speed until it hits the breakpoint. The downside is that, if the program does not make it to the breakpoint, the debugger will not be able to regain control without forcing an interrupt. INT 01 allows the debugger to examine the state of the program at every single instruction, allowing the implementation of complex rule based breakpoints. The downside is that program execution will be very slow.
What is impure procedure?
Set of instruction which form a program gets changed during the course of execution by that instruction behave differently is called impure procedure
What is flush pipeline?
Discarding the contents of a computer's instruction pipeline when they have become invalid due to events during program execution (e.g. branch, interrupt, exception, trap, error detection). Once flushed the pipeline must refill with instructions from the new path of control before the computer can continue running.
What is the meaning of maskable hardware interrupt?
A maskable hardware interrupt is one that can be disabled, or masked, by instructions in the CPU. In the 8085, all interupts except TRAP and (software) RST N can be masked by disabling interrupts, and RST7.5, RST6.5, and RST5.5 can be individually masked with the SIM (Set Interrupt Mask) instruction. In general, you leave interrupts disabled until one instruction before returning. In the case of the RST*.5 interrupts, you can mask it during interrupt processing and then enable interrupts, allowing other levels to interrupt you again. At the conclusion of the interrupt routine, you would disable interrupts, restore the mask, enable interrupts, and return. If you use this method, you can choose the nesting priority as desired. You determine what mask to set using the RIM (Read Interrupt Mask) instruction and then do bit manipulation before using SIM.
What is nested interrupt?
I believe a nested interrupt, is where an interrupt is allowed to occur (and thus is handled) during an already occurring Interupt service ruotine. I.E. First interrupt occurs ISR1 begins second Interrupt occurs ISR2 begins ISR2 Finishes ISR1 continues from where left off ISR1 finishes
What is the function of instruction register?
The Instruction Register (IR) stores the instruction currently being executed. In simple processors each instruction to be executed is loaded into the instruction register which holds it while it is decoded, prepared and ultimately executed.
Interrupt initiated transfer and data transfer under program control?
Program control Interrupt:-Program interrupt can be described as a transfer of program control form a currently running program to another service program on a request generated externally or internally. After the service program is executed the control returns to the original program. It is imperative for the CPU to return to the same state that it was when interrupt occurred after the program interrupted and the service routine has been executed. The state of the CPU at the end of the executive cycle(when the interrupt is recognized )is determined from:1. The content of the program counter. 2. The content of all processor registers. 3. The content of certain status conditions.Interrupts can be classified into the major types as below:-1. External interrupts:- this is come from input output devices, from a timing device, from a circuit monitoring the power supply, or from any other external source. 2. Internal Interrupts:- this is arise when an instruction or data is used illegally or erroneously. These interrupts are also known as traps. 3.Software interrupts:-external and internal interrupts r occur in the hardware of the CPU. A software interrupt is initiated during execution of an instruction. Software interrupts is a special call instruction that behaves like an interrupt rather than a subroutine call. It can be called to function by the programmer to intitiate an interrupt procedure at any desired pointing the program.ReagrdsRaj Choudhary (kajla 9950645563)
What is use of registers?
It holds the operation code .that is the opcode of the current instruction of the program during the arithmatic and logic operation......it is also called single cycle execution(only one perform)
What is pipelining in pic microcontroller?
In PIC Microcontroller , During the Fatching of instruction no. 1it needs of one clock cycle, then after for the exicution of instruction no. 1 it reqires one extra clock cycle , but at the same time it fatches inst. no. 2 . Similarly, during the execution time of inst. no. 2 , it fatches inst. no. 3 and so on.In other words we can say that, PIC Microcontroller requires 2 clock cycle at starting the after it requires only one clock pulse. In this way we can say that instruction pipelining is done in PIC microcontroller.
Which is performed during during the locate phase of the PR execution?
During the PR execution the report of the IMDC event is transmitted.
What is the difference between Instructions decode and register fetch?
Instruction register is use to store the next instruction to be executed.Instruction decoder is use to decode the instruction come from the memory and tell the CPU what is instruction really are. (CPU interpret instruction is different from the data store in the memory . A good example is , memory can store hexadecimal, but device only can read binary data.) without decoder the device cannot indicate or recognize the data )Distinction"memory can store hexadecimal, but device only can read binary data" This is an improperly worded, misleading statement. The difference between binary and hexadecimal is purely interpretive. Reading hexadecimal is a function of dividing the bits into groups of 4 and assigning a unique symbol to the pattern; 0-9 + A-F. This is only translating from one numbering system to another. The memory isn't specifically able to store hexadecimal as opposed to binary; it stores a BYTE as a group of EIGHT BITS no matter what. So even if the hardware is designed to move 64 bits at a time, grouping the bits into nibbles of four bits is how we interpret the bit pattern in hexadecimal.Another Answer
What are the four basic operations of a processor?
The four basic operations of a processor are fetch, decode, execute, and write back. During the fetch phase, the processor retrieves an instruction from memory. In the decode phase, it interprets the instruction to understand what actions are required. The execute phase involves carrying out the instruction, and in the write back phase, the processor updates the memory or registers with the results of the execution.
