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Yes, bacteria can make lipids with short or long fatty acid tails depending on the temperature. Longer tails mean more van der waals interactions which restricts movement so when temperature drops they have an enzyme that cuts the length of the tails to increase fluidity. Other bacteria can make more unsaturated tails that have a double bond which causes a kink in the fatty acid, the unsaturated lipids can't pack together as tight which again increase fluidity in the membrane.

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Q: Does bacteria change the kind of fatty acid they produce as temperature drop?
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