Yes, most substances have different boiling points. Water boils at a vastly higher temperature than some other condensed gasses and chemicals. Meanwhile, some other chemicals and liquids boil at much higher temperatures. The simplest way to understand this is to consider the coolant that is used in a car--which has a much lover boiling point than water. There are many reference sites on the internet which have the boiling points of common, naturally occurring, as well as man made substances.
In fractional distillation, the substances in a mixture are heated to their boiling points. Different substances have different boiling points, so will be separated at different times. The answer to your question is simply because they have different boiling points.
To separate substances (that have different boiling points).
different substances have different boiling points, a main reference to boiling points is the boiling point of water (H2O) which is 100 degrees Celsius
There is no single boiling point. A variety of substances can form hydrogen bonds, all with different boiling points.
Boiling point is themperature when a liquid is transformed in a gas.
Distillation is based on the differences of boiling points of substances.
Simply heat the mixture. Given that they have different boiling points, one will evaporate before the other and thus you will have two separate substances
The boiling point is the temperature at which a substance boils. Different substances have different boiling points. The boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius. You have to have an accurate thermometer to measure boiling point.
distillation
because there are too many substances in it, all with different boiling points
Methanol and ethanol are both alcohols, but have different boiling points. Ethanol is 78.37 °C, 352 K, 173 °F, while methanol is 64.7 °C, 338 K, 148 °F.
Different substances have different boiling temperatures.