There are many different forms of radiation. I believe you refer to Electromagnetic radiation generated by cables, mobile phones, etc. The short answer is yes, but, it would take a huge amount of such to do harm. But, better safe than sorry. Keep the drive away from live cables, magnets, and your phone. If you are worried about your hard drive failing, EMP is the least of your concerns.
Removing the hard drive will not cause any damage. However, unless you add another hard drive, or have some other device you can boot off of, the computer will be effectively useless.
Radiation will always harm people no matter where they are, as it causes cancer.
Not al radiation is harmful. There would be no life on earth if the radiation, which we call sunlight, did not exist.
There is no "radiation antidote". There are several drugs that can reduce the harm from radiation, but no one antidote.
over a long period of time it can harm you
yes
That depends on type of radiation, dosage, and area exposed.
Ubuntu cannot harm your computer's hardware at all. If you dont have much experience with installing operating systems, and try to install ubuntu, there's a possibility that you can overwrite all the data that is currently on the hard drive. However, if you are installing Ubuntu on a blank hard drive, then there is no harm that can be done by doing so. Ubuntu is a very useful linux-based operating system.
Radiation does not harm food.
They have a limited amount of radiation, but this radiation is not serious and will likely cause no harm.
no false
Gamma radiation is not easily absorbed by the human body(not as easily as alpha and beta anyway). So it can penetrate to the internal organs and harm them.