Yes, sulfate IS one (ionic) particle
Molecule
it is called a complex
A polyatomic ion is a charged chemical species composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded together. These ions often have an overall charge due to the gain or loss of electrons, and they act as a single unit in chemical reactions. Examples include nitrate (NO3-) and sulfate (SO42-).
The most common charge carrier in electricity is the electron. However there are special cases where other things act as charge carriers, but they are usually not subatomic particles:In electrolytes the charge carriers are ionsIn aqueous electrolytes it is possible for hydrogen ions (protons) to be charge carriersIn semiconductors the charge carriers can be either electrons or holes (virtual particles produced by electron gaps in valence band)
When a particle is observed, its properties can change because the act of observation can interact with the particle and affect its behavior. This is known as the observer effect in quantum mechanics.
Yes
No a "hole" is not a particle, in solid state electronics a "hole" is a positively charged virtual charge carrier caused by the absence of an electron (which is a particle) from the atom's valence band. A "hole" has some properties making it act similar to a particle, but it is not one.
The particle that "circles" the center of an atom is an electron. (In reality, electrons act more like waves vibrating around an atom that particle circling an atom.) (Both neutrons and protons make up the center of an atom, neutrons have no charge and protons a positive one.)
covalently bonded atoms that act like a single atom when combining with other atoms.
KC8H5O4 is an ionic compound. It is composed of a metal (K) and a polyatomic ion (C8H5O4), which is a combination of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms that act as a single charged particle.
A monoatomic ion has only one atom examples are chloride, Cl-, fluoride, F-, sodium Na+ A polyatomic ion has more than one, e.g sulfate SO42-, nitrate, NO3-, mercurous, Hg22+ Poly is from the Greek and means "many"
In quantum mechanics, collapsing the wave function refers to the idea that when a measurement is made on a particle, its wave function, which describes all possible states the particle could be in, collapses to a single state. This collapse determines the actual state of the particle at that moment. It is significant because it shows that the act of observation can influence the behavior of particles at the quantum level.