You will need a gunsmith to know for sure.
You probably wont be able to. They would have to be specifically fitted to your receiver.
No
colt
H&R and I believe Rossi have single shot rifles with interchangible barrels.
The main body of the rifle/weapon into which the barrel is attached.
Heavy Barrel
On the receiver
Rifle Muskats Sub Mrines Rifle Barrels Cannons
What do you mean by short barrel? They were all 24" barrels. The barrel is measured by putting a stick ( or whatever ) down the barrel from the muzzle until it hits the bolt, it is not the measurement from the muzzle to where it hits the receiver. True for all guns. That is the barrel length. The 241 is a "Takedown" Rifle, so you have about 3/4 of an inch beyond where the barrel meets the receiver that is threaded so you can assemble and disassemble the rifle.
Metal
Turnbull
That depends entirely on what gun you are trying to clean. Some rifle, pistol, and shotgun barrels come off for cleaning and some are fixed to the receiver and must be cleaned in place. Get disassembly instructions for the gun.