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The thalamus and hypothalamus.
Two structures between the cerebrum and midbrain are the thalamus and hypothalamus. The thalamus acts as a relay station for sensory information traveling to the cerebral cortex, while the hypothalamus is involved in regulating functions such as hormone secretion, temperature regulation, and basic survival behaviors.
There are three main regions of the brain: the forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain. The forebrain is broken down into the cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal glands. The midbrain is subdivided into the tectum and the cerebral peduncies. And the hindbrain includes the brainstem, and the cerebellum.
These are all part of the brain stem called the thalamus. The thalamus forms the floor of the third ventricle and along with the pons and the medulla oblongata forms the brain stem.
The thalamus helps the hypothalamus. The job of the thalamus is somewhat like a switchboard.
The diencephalon consists of thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.
The cerebral aqueduct connects the third and fourth ventricles in the brain.
The major parts of the subcortex include the thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, and brainstem. These structures play important roles in functions such as sensory processing, emotion regulation, movement control, and survival behaviors.
The diencephalon, which includes the thalamus, optic chiasm, and hypothalamus, originates from the prosencephalon (forebrain) in the developing embryo. During early embryonic development, the prosencephalon differentiates into the telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres) and the diencephalon. The diencephalon further develops into the thalamus, optic chiasm, and hypothalamus.
The portion of the brain that is under the thalamus is the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is an important structure involved in regulating various bodily functions and behaviors, including controlling the autonomic nervous system, hormone production and release, body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sleep-wake cycles.