For most Winchester models, yes it does. For the older Winchester Models, it can also be used to determine the exact day, month, and year of manufacture, as well as the specific original factory as built configuration (e.g. caliber/gauge, barrel length, trigger type, stock configuration, sights, etc.). The Cody Firearms Museum has possession of all the old original Wincehster Repeating Arms Company records (those that survived).
1923; it tells you when it was made.
By the serial number
Usually by the serial number.
The year of manufacture for serial number 1821238 is 1952.
There are serial number tables that have been published.
Yes
1942, and it tells you where it was made lolwut.
Early 1936, and it does not tell you anything else.
1971 1972
1972; nothing
1957, nothing.
It is only an identifying mark. It MAY tell you what year it was made.