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Does the text from worming columns flow from the bottom of one column to the top of the next?
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∙ 12y ago
- False
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∙ 12y ago
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Why might part of an eruption columns collapse to a pyroclastic flow?
The eruption column may collapse due to decreasing gas content in the magma or failure of the column to entrain enough air.
Is a packed condenser more efficient then an Vigreux column?
Distillation is a common laboratory technique. It is used to separate mixtures with differing properties; the efficiency depends on the rate of heat exchange between the fluid being distilled and the coolant.Direct flow distillation: Suitable for mixtures, whose components have boiling points which differ by at least 25°C.Reverse flow distillation: The separation is successful for mixtures whose components have boiling points which differ by at least 0.5°C.Distillation Columns The diameter of the column defines the throughput and the acceptable pressure drop, while the height defines the distillate purity. Uncontrolled condensation on the column walls is reduced by insulation with silver coated vacuum jackets (10-6 mbar). The vacuum jacket has viewing strips.The column type and its packing also influence separation efficiency. Tapered glass items are available to US standards ASTM E676 Standard Column Types Packed Columns with Conical Ground Joints Packed columns can be fitted with different types of packing for various distillation requirements.Packed Columns with Conical & Spherical Joints Conical joint at the top and spherical joint at the bottom.Packed Columns with Spherical Ground JointsVigreux ColumnsVigreau Columns have a lower separating efficiency than packed columns with Rasching rings but can work with small volumes of fluid and produce low pressure losses.Vigreux Columns with Conical Ground JointsVigreux Columns with Conical and Spherical Ground JointConical joint at the top and spherical joint at the bottom.Vigreux Columns with Spherical Ground JointsBubble Cap Tray ColumnsBubble tray columns have high separating efficiencies, they are very suitable for analysis of processes that will be substantially scaled up.Bubble Cap Tray Columns with Conical JointsBubble Cap Tray Columns with Insulating Jacket
Why does the diameter of distillation column vary at different location?
A distillation column has flows of materials going up and down the plates or packing. The flow across each plate or section of packing is an essential factor in the optimization calculations and design. Diameter is one of these considerations. Since columns have "heavies" traveling down and "lights" moving up and the division between these components may not be even, the top and bottom flows may be quite different, and the optimal column diameter must be adjusted at different locations along the length. Add to this the introduction of a feed stream at some point in the mid-column and the flows are altered again. But why be concerned about this? Columns are often constructed of expensive alloys, glass lined, or heat treated to avoid erosion, corrosion or stress problems. Minimizing the column size minimizes the cost. Along with quality of product, cost is an optimization factor.
What is the effect of column temperature on resolution?
Different substances have different boiling points. Distillation is the chemical process created to take advantage of this property. Cooling one side, the top of the column and applying a heat source to the bottom ensures lighter or more volatile substances accumulated at the top end of the column, assuming there is a constant flow with relative constant composition feeding the Distillation column, and an accumulation of less volatile material in the bottom.
What is the difference between a flow proof and a two column proof?
flow proof is just run of text 2 colmn has line/column breaks
What is flooding point?
In a packed or tray column where you have vapor flowing up and liquid flowing down, there is an upper limit to how fast the liquid can drain downwards. The point at which liquid cannot flow down as fast as it is coming into the column is the "flooding point". The actual flooding point is partly dependent on how fast the liquid can flow down with no vapor flowing upwards and the rate at which vapor is trying to flow upwards. Cross sections of the column occupied by vapor are not available for liquid flow - effectively reducing the cross-section for downward flow of the liquid. You also get entrainment of liquid in the upward flowing vapor and drag on the liquid as it fights the direction of the vapor flow - the vapor wants to go up while the liquid wants to go down. This additional drag also slows down the flow of liquid trying to drain downward in the column. There is an analogous condition for two-phase liquid/liquid extraction columns.
How does the diameter of a column of water affect the pressure at the bottom of the column?
Yes and no, provided the pressure is kept constant, what appears to be more pressure is actually more volume. it appears to be more pressure, but it is an optical illusion, put a pressure gauge and be amazed.
How do home oxygen concentrators work?
Room air is drawn into the machine through a series of filters, compressed to a pressure of 4 atmospheres, and passed into a column containing zeolite, a "molecular sieve" of aluminum silicate. Nitrogen is trapped by the zeolite, while oxygen passes through. Before the column becomes saturated with nitrogen the flow of air is switched to a second column; the first column is vented to atmosphere (regenerated), discharging most of the nitrogen, and the remainder of the nitrogen is removed by back flushing the column with a small flow of oxygen from the second column. As the second column approaches saturation the process is reversed. The life of the zeolite crystals can be expected to be at least 20,000 hours which in most situations would give about 10 years' use. The gas emerging from the columns ( 95% oxygen) passes through a small reservoir chamber, and a flow control system to the patient. Most domiciliary sized machines can produce a flow of up to 4 litres/minute of oxygen. Higher flows result in a loss of concentration, and most machines are flow-limited to prevent this from occurring.
What is loading point in packed column?
The point in which the droplets of liquid (solvent) are carried up with the gas in packed column. This hapens if the solvent flow is fixed & the gas flow is icreased.
What are differences between an eruption column and pyroclastic flow?
An eruption column is a vertical plume of ash and gas produced by a volcanic eruption. A pyroclastic flow a a flow of similar material that moves down the sides of a volcano at great speed.
What is the superficial velocity?
Superficial velocity is nothing but the velocity of a fluid in a pipe,conduit,column etc in the absense of packing or obstruction. like in packed columns the actual velocity of the fluid through it is actually the volumetric flow rate divided by the cross sectional area. so the velocity achieved by the same fluid in the same column in absence of the packing is called superficial velocity.
How do differences in air pressure cause wind?
Consider two columns of air, containing the same volume of air in each. In the column with high pressure, the air top of the column will extend farther up into the atmosphere than the column with low pressure. Due simply to gravity, the air will want to equalize itself just like a fluid would. The air in the high pressure will flow toward the low pressure, and that is what you know as wind.
