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Database Design

Database design is the process of creating a detailed data model of a database. It is the next step after requirement gathering and before coding begins. A good database design can save a lot of time during the database development.

1,295 Questions

Why is it important to agree the purpose format and deadline for the text?

Agreeing on the purpose, format, and deadline for a text is crucial to ensure that all stakeholders have a clear understanding of the objectives and expectations. This alignment helps streamline the writing process, enhances collaboration, and minimizes misunderstandings. A defined format provides consistency, while a set deadline fosters accountability and timely delivery. Overall, this clarity enhances the quality and effectiveness of the final product.

What is the difference between basic electronic software and midrange software?

Basic electronic software typically refers to simple applications that perform fundamental tasks, such as basic data processing or simple user interface functionalities, often with limited features and complexity. In contrast, midrange software offers more advanced capabilities, including enhanced data management, integration with other systems, and support for more complex operations, making it suitable for small to medium-sized businesses. The distinction often lies in the software's scalability, functionality, and the complexity of tasks it can handle.

Can a frame be created without the initial file name?

Yes, a frame can be created without an initial file name by using a programming approach that generates the frame dynamically. For example, in web development, you can create an HTML <iframe> or a canvas element using JavaScript without needing a predefined file. Additionally, in graphical interfaces or applications, frames can be instantiated programmatically, allowing for flexible design and content management.

What is important in the design of structures?

In the design of structures, safety is paramount, ensuring they can withstand loads and environmental conditions. Functionality is also crucial, as structures must meet the needs of their intended use. Additionally, aesthetics and sustainability play significant roles, as modern designs often aim to be visually appealing while minimizing environmental impact. Lastly, adherence to building codes and regulations ensures compliance and longevity.

When should you freeze columns in a database?

You should freeze columns in a database when you want to maintain a consistent view of certain data while scrolling through large datasets, enhancing usability and navigation. This is particularly useful in applications where users need to compare related data across multiple rows without losing context. Additionally, freezing columns can help prevent accidental edits to critical data fields, ensuring data integrity.

What does a primary key do?

A primary key is a unique identifier for a record in a database table, ensuring that each entry is distinct and can be accurately referenced. It prevents duplicate records and enforces data integrity by establishing a reliable way to access and manipulate data. Additionally, a primary key can facilitate relationships between different tables in a relational database.

Why would a cinema use a database?

A cinema would use a database to efficiently manage and organize various aspects of its operations, such as tracking movie schedules, ticket sales, customer reservations, and inventory of concessions. A database enables quick access to real-time information, facilitating better decision-making and enhancing customer service. Additionally, it allows for data analysis to understand audience preferences and optimize marketing strategies. Overall, a database streamlines processes and improves overall efficiency in cinema management.

What is the Hilton OnQ system?

* Commitment to Technology - OnQ™ is the Hilton Family of Hotels' proprietary technology platform that integrates multiple capabilities onto one system to support hotel reservations & sales, guest service, operations and business intelligence-gathering activities. OnQ™ provides guest information to team members on demand - prompting them to act "on cue" to guest preferences and service recovery alerts - delighting customers and helping create a bond of loyalty to the Hilton Family of Hotels. It is a suite of technology components that "cue" hotel operators to respond decisively to current market conditions and make informed business decisions with historical trends and competitive data at hand. It's all you need, and it's included in one system - OnQ™. That's amazing enough, but getting this turnkey solution is also easy to acquire and maintain. Given both the importance of technology and the rapid pace of technological change, Hilton Hotels Corporation has taken a leading stand in providing technology to hotels that is continually refreshed with the hardware platform necessary to support this leading-edge solution. We believe by providing your hotel with the right technology tools and an easy way to obtain it, we can help your property become more efficient and effective to help you drive more profit to your bottom line. The considerable buying power of the Hilton Family of Hotels keeps technology costs economical while delivering a huge upside benefit. Each brand has a financial assistance program available to help minimize the need for a capital budget to get started and keep the hardware refreshed.

Examples of database packages?

Sure thing, honey. Some popular database packages include Oracle Database, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, and PostgreSQL. These bad boys are used by companies big and small to store and manage their precious data. So, pick your poison and get ready to dive into the world of databases!

What is pseudo column in oracle database?

Ah, a pseudo column in Oracle database is like a happy little tree that's not really a column in a table, but behaves like one. It's special because it holds useful information about data or transactions, like row numbers or timestamps. Just remember to embrace these pseudo columns in your database journey, they're there to help you paint a beautiful picture of your data.

How do you calculate volume of a pipe elbow?

Well, sweetheart, calculating the volume of a pipe elbow involves a bit of geometry. You'll need to break down the elbow into simpler shapes like cylinders and spheres, then use the formulas to find their volumes. Add them all up and voila, you've got the volume of that tricky little elbow. Just make sure to double-check your math, we don't want any leaky surprises down the line.

Complete architecture of 8086 microprocessor?

8085 Architecture - II Written by: shankar • Edited by: KennethSleight

Published Sep 30, 2009 • Related Guides: Intel

Learn in detail about the functions and working of flags, the timing and control unit, Interrupt control and various other signals associated with it. Also learn about the Data bus and address bus present in 8085 microprocessor and how these units combine to process a data altogether.

Introduction

In the previous articles we learnt about what are microprocessors in general and the about the 8085 microprocessor in particular. We saw the various registers used in 8085 microprocessor and how they act along with Arithmetic and Logic unit to process a data. But Registers and ALU alone cannot successfully process a data and provide the result to the programmer. There are various other units which help in data transfer and addressing, Carry operation while adding or subtracting, and sometimes also to interrupt a process when necessary. Let us discuss about those units in detail.

Architecture DiagramFlags

Flags are nothing but a group of individual Flip-flops. The flags are mainly associated with arithmetic and logic operations. The flags will show either a logical (0 or 1) (i.e.) a set or reset depending on the data conditions in accumulator or various other registers. A flag is actually a latch which can hold some bits of information. It alerts the processor that some event has taken place.

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But why are they called flags?

The possible solution is from the small flags which are found on the mail boxes in America. The small flag indicates that there is a mail in the mail box. Similarly this denotes that an event has occurred in the processor.

Intel processors have a set of 5 flags.

  • Carry flag
  • Parity flag
  • Auxiliary carry flag
  • Zero flag
  • Sign flag

Consider two binary numbers.

For example:

1100 0000

1000 0000

When we add the above two numbers, a carry is generated in the most significant bit. The number in the extreme right is least significant bit, while the number in extreme left is most significant bit. So a ninth bit is generated due to the carry. So how to accommodate 9th bit in an 8 bit register?

For this purpose the Carry flag is used. The carry flag is set whenever a carry is generated and reset whenever there is no carry.

But there is an auxiliary carry flag? What is the difference between the carry flag and auxiliary carry flag?

Let's discuss with an example. Consider the two numbers given below

0000 0100, 0000 0101

When we add both the numbers a carry is generated in the third bit from the least significant bit. This sets the auxiliary carry flag. When there is no carry, the auxiliary carry flag is reset.

So whenever there is a carry in the most significant bit Carry flag is set. While an auxiliary carry flag is set only when a carry is generated in bits other than the most significant bit.

Parity checks whether it's even or add parity. This flag returns a 0 if it is odd parity and returns a 1 if it is an even parity. Sometimes they are also called as parity bit which is used to check errors while data transmission is carried out.

Zero flag shows whether the output of the operation is 0 or not. If the value of Zero flag is 0 then the result of operation is not zero. If it is zero the flag returns value 1.

Sign flag shows whether the output of operation has positive sign or negative sign. A value 0 is returned for positive sign and 1 is returned for negative sign.

Instruction Register and Decoder

Instruction register is 8-bit register just like every other register of microprocessor. Consider an instruction. The instruction may be anything like adding two data's, moving a data, copying a data etc. When such an instruction is fetched from memory, it is directed to Instruction register. So the instruction registers are specifically to store the instructions that are fetched from memory.

There is an Instruction decoder which decodes the informations present in the Instruction register for further processing.

Timing and Control Unit

Timing and control unit is a very important unit as it synchronizes the registers and flow of data through various registers and other units. This unit consists of an oscillator and controller sequencer which sends control signals needed for internal and external control of data and other units.

The oscillator generates two-phase clock signals which aids in synchronizing all the registers of 8085 microprocessor.

Signals that are associated with Timing and control unit are:

Control Signals: READY, RD', WR', ALE

Status Signals: S0, S1, IO/M'

DMA Signals: HOLD, HLDA

RESET Signals: RESET IN, RESET OUT

Interrupt Control

As the name suggests this control interrupts a process. Consider that a microprocessor is executing the main program. Now whenever the interrupt signal is enabled or requested the microprocessor shifts the control from main program to process the incoming request and after the completion of request, the control goes back to the main program. For example an Input/output device may send an interrupt signal to notify that the data is ready for input. The microprocessor temporarily stops the execution of main program and transfers control to I/O device. After collecting the input data the control is transferred back to main program.

Interrupt signals present in 8085 are:

INTR

RST 7.5

RST 6.5

RST 5.5

TRAP

Of the above four interrupts TRAP is a NON-MASKABLE interrupt control and other three are maskable interrupts.

A non-maskable interrupt is an interrupt which is given the highest priority in the order of interrupts. Suppose you want an instruction to be processed immediately, then you can give the instruction as a non-maskable interrupt. Further the non-maskable interrupt cannot be disabled by programmer at any point of time.

Whereas the maskable interrupts can be disabled and enabled using EI and DI instructions. Among the maskable interrupts RST 7.5 is given the highest priority above RST 6.5 and least priority is given to INTR.

Serial I/O control

The input and output of serial data can be carried out using 2 instructions in 8085.

SID-Serial Input Data

SOD-Serial Output Data

Two more instructions are used to perform serial-parallel conversion needed for serial I/O devices.

SIM

RIM

Address buffer and Address-Data buffer

The contents of the stack pointer and program counter are loaded into the address buffer and address-data buffer. These buffers are then used to drive the external address bus and address-data bus. As the memory and I/O chips are connected to these buses, the CPU can exchange desired data to the memory and I/O chips.

The address-data buffer is not only connected to the external data bus but also to the internal data bus which consists of 8-bits. The address data buffer can both send and receive data from internal data bus.

Address bus and Data bus:

We know that 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor. So the data bus present in the microprocessor is also 8-bits wide. So 8-bits of data can be transmitted from or to the microprocessor. But 8085 processor requires 16 bit address bus as the memory addresses are 16-bit wide.

The 8 most significant bits of the address are transmitted with the help of address bus and the 8 least significant bits are transmitted with the help of multiplexed address/data bus. The eight bit data bus is multiplexed with the eight least significant bits of address bus. The address/data bus is time multiplexed. This means for few microseconds, the 8 least significant bits of address are generated, while for next few seconds the same pin generates the data. This is called Time multiplexing.

But there are situations where there is a need to transmit both data and address simultaneously. For this purpose a signal called ALE (address latch enable) is used. ALE signal holds the obtained address in its latch for a long time until the data is obtained and so when the microprocessor sends the data next time the address is also available at the output latch. This technique is called Address/Data demultiplexing.

How would a library use a database?

to keep track of how many books people borrowed or how many books have not been returned.

How much does android application development cost in general for enterprise app?

Android application development cost varies a lot based on the features of the app and platforms associated. It can be commented after going through the detailed requirements. Professional android application development companies have ready framework for different type of apps and thus using that, may reduce the time and development cost. Better to share your scope with an app development company and get the absolute idea about pricing.

What is the difference between relation and relationship in dbms?

Well, hello there! In the world of databases, a relation refers to a table with rows and columns, where each row represents a record and each column represents a field. On the other hand, a relationship in DBMS defines how the data in one table is related to the data in another table, usually through common fields. It's like painting a beautiful landscape - each element plays a unique role in creating the overall picture. Just remember, in the world of databases, both relations and relationships work together harmoniously to create a meaningful and interconnected system.

What does it mean ICT?

Ah, ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology. It's all about using technology to communicate, store, retrieve, and manipulate information. Just like how we use our paintbrushes and colors to create beautiful landscapes, ICT helps people connect and create in the digital world. It's a wonderful tool that brings people together and allows for endless possibilities.

What is an example of an ER diagram for an admission system?

An example of an ER diagram for an admission system could include entities such as Student, Course, Department, and Instructor. The Student entity would have attributes like student ID and name, while the Course entity would have attributes like course ID and title. Relationships would be established between entities, such as a student enrolling in a course, which would be represented by a many-to-many relationship between Student and Course entities. The ER diagram would visually represent these entities, attributes, and relationships to illustrate the structure of the admission system.

Purpose of hotel management system?

The primary purpose of a hotel management system is to streamline daily operations, enhance guest experiences, and boost overall efficiency. It automates tasks such as reservations, check-ins, check-outs, billing, and housekeeping, allowing hotel staff to focus more on guest satisfaction. A well-designed system ensures accurate data management, seamless communication between departments, and efficient resource utilization, ultimately leading to improved service and profitability.

InnGenius is designed to fulfill these purposes by offering a comprehensive platform that integrates reservation management, labor scheduling, and real-time reporting. It connects seamlessly with OTAs, tracks guest interactions, and ensures accurate financial management—all from a single dashboard. With InnGenius, hotels can enhance guest satisfaction, reduce manual errors, and maximize revenue.

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What does a computer have to do with math?

A computer has to do with Mathematics, because on a Macintosh, you can download Sketch-Up, for example. Here, you can build your own 3D buildings, etc. This has to do with geometry.

Another example is using a tablet to write down mathematical notes on Pixelmator, another application on the Macintosh.

What can't a switchboard in access do?

Well, honey, a switchboard in access can't make you a cup of coffee or give you a foot massage. It also can't magically fix all your database problems or make your boss disappear. But hey, at least it can help you connect and manage your phone calls like a pro.

How much does it cost to create a database project?

The cost of developing a database project is dependent on such factors as the complexity of the project, the size of the database, the type of technology involved, and the expertise of the developers. The small to medium-sized database project costs will usually range from $2,000 to $10,000, whereas the large to medium-sized complicated projects might range between $10,000 to $50,000 or more. Further costs may include database maintenance and security of the data. To get the precise pricing you can require a quote in detail from your developer on your specific requirements for the project.

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Which database is closest to the user?

The client-side database is that which is closest to the user in terms of physical proximity and interaction.

Client-side databases are those databases maintained at the device level of the user, such as a web browser, mobile device, or desktop application. These databases are directly accessible by the user's device and, as such, do not require any network connection to interact with whatever data is stored within.

The most common examples of client-side databases will be as follows:

Web browser storage: This constitutes a set of technologies like Web Storage-component localStorage and sessionStorage-and IndexedDB, which allow web applications to locally store data in the user's web browser. Most often, mobile applications make use of local databases like SQLite to store data on the user's device for offline access and improved performance.

Desktop application databases: Besides those above, desktop applications could be able to utilize embedded local databases like SQLite or some other database engines to locally store user-specific information. Benefits The advantages of client-side databases are the speed at which data is accessed, plus it is fully online; hence, a user's dependency on network connectivity is reduced. Limitations Data capacity, security, and synchronization limitations across multiple devices are serious shortcomings of this solution.

In contrast, server-side databases sit on remote servers and are accessed via network connections. Database systems designed for servers store and manage massive volumes of data for multiple users and applications. Examples of server-side databases include MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, and many others.

While server-side databases are crucial in holding and managing vast data sets, client-side databases present users with direct and speedier response interaction on their own devices with the data.

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What is a general purpose software?

A software is something that serves for a specific purpose. Software can be of two types Specific or general purpose. A general purpose software is one which is developed for people not for any particular firm. Example of general purpose software are adobe flash, microsoft word, microsoft office etc.