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Roots
Deciduous trees are trees that lose their leaves. Trees that don't lose their leaves are "Evergreens". Evergreen trees have needles, instead of flat leaves, to survive winter hardship. Needles cut evaporation so trees can save water - dear in the winter. Not all trees that bear needles are evergreen, for example the larch drops it's needles in the Autumn.
Fir, spruce, hemlock, and other coniferous trees all have thick, waxy needles that prevent water from evaporating
Deciduous trees are trees that lose their leaves. Trees that don't lose their leaves are "Evergreens". Evergreen trees have needles, instead of flat leaves, to survive winter hardship. Needles cut evaporation so trees can save water - dear in the winter. Not all trees that bear needles are evergreen, for example the larch drops it's needles in the Autumn.
== == If you don't water them, they will get dried out and drop needles.
The "needles" on a pine tree or other conifer are the plant's leaves, where photosynthesis takes place. The needles are long and slender because of the environment of the trees. Needles lose less water and heat than typical leaves.
cuticle
Trees lose water through transpiration (the passing of water vapor to the atmosphere). Pine needles are waxy, have a small surface area and have a groove in which the stomata are located. These features reduce transpiration.
Needles float on water because needles are less dense than water. This is partially because the water is so much larger of a substance than the needles.
the cuticle prevents dessication
The taiga, or boreal forest, is given to high seasonality with a long season during which temperatures are below the freezing point of water. As such, trees must be conifers, with very limited leaves (needles) adapted to the cold, or be deciduous trees that are well adapted to the stress involved in losing its leaves every year. For instance, I live in the central region of Alaska. We have deciduous trees and conifers. The farther north you go though, the fewer deciduous trees there are.
They adapt to their climate by having needles that stay all year round. These hold in water. They also have more chloroplast. Because the needles stay all year round, photosynthesis can occur more quickly, as soon as the water melts.