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During transcription enzymes bind to a molecule of DNA. Then the enzymes unwind and separate the DNA's double helical strands. As the molecule unwinds complementary nucleotides pair with one of the DN?
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Which step happens first in DNA replications?
The first thing that happens is a replication structure binds to the DNA molecule. This is usually a signalling molecule or some type of protein. Next, this replication structure attracts DNA helicase enzymes which "unzip" the double stranded helix.
What are two differences between transcription and translation?
Transcription is writing a word using letters from a different language.e.g. 'μήλο' becomes 'Milo'. As you can see the word has been rewritten with letters from the English alphabet, but is only readable by people who know Greek and English (because to read the word you must know the English to Greek letter transcriptions)Translation is writing the English version of a worde.g. 'μήλο' becomes 'Apple'. As you can see the word is now written in English, and is only readable by people who know English
What enzymes unwinding DNA double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds to separate the complementary strands?
Helicase
What enzymes are responsible for replication of the DNA molecule?
Helicase is the enzymes that splits the double helix into two separate strands, and DNA Polymerase (as opposed to RNA Polymerase) joins the nucleotides together in the new strands being created.
Who are copies of DNA made and need a picture of it to?
DNA is copied in a process called DNA replication. During DNA replication, the two strands of the DNA molecule separate. Then free DNA nucleotides pair with their complimentary nucleotides according to the base-pairing rule on each of the old strands of DNA. Once the process is complete, the result is two identical DNA molecules, each with one old strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA. Refer to the related link for an illustration.
The mRNA molecule is completed by the formation of what between the rna?
The mRNA molecule is completed by the formation of hydrogen bonds. These bonds are between the RNA nucleotides, which then separate from the DNA.
Why does one DNA strand grow one nucleotide at a time and the other is assembled in short fragments?
The two strands of parental DNA separate, and each becomes a template for the assembly of a complementary strand from a supply of Why_does_one_DNA_strand_grow_one_nucleotide_at_a_time_and_the_other_is_assembled_in_short_fragmentsnucleotides. The nucleotides line up one at a time along the template strand in accordance with base pairing rules. Enzymes link the nucleotides to form the new DNA strands.Read more: Why_does_one_DNA_strand_grow_one_nucleotide_at_a_time_and_the_other_is_assembled_in_short_fragments
How can you compare DNA to a zipper?
During the processes of DNA replication and transcription, the two strands of the DNA molecule separate, or "unzip", so that the two strands can be copied by DNA nucleotides, or the anti-sense strand of DNA can be transcribed by mRNA.
What must happen to the DNA before transcription can take place?
It must unwind and separate for transcription to occur
What type of biological molecule is an exonuclease?
Proteins that uses the energy of NTP hydrolysis to separate the DNA strands.
What happens During replication DNA .?
During DNA replication the following occurs: 1) An enzyme called helicase separates the DNA strands (the space where they separate is called the replication fork). 2) DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides to the separated strand of DNA. 3) The DNA polymerase enzyme finishes adding nucleotides and there are two identical DNA molecules.
Which step happens first in DNA replications?
The first thing that happens is a replication structure binds to the DNA molecule. This is usually a signalling molecule or some type of protein. Next, this replication structure attracts DNA helicase enzymes which "unzip" the double stranded helix.
Explain the components of DNA and explain its functional relationship to RNA and protein?
DNA or Deoxyhydro-Neucleic Acid is composed of base pairs, nitrogen and phosphates. The nitrogen and phosphates form the backbone of the DNA structure and take the shape of a double helix with the base pairs on the inside and the backbone on the outside. Thus, a molecule of DNA is actually two separate chains interwoven. The base pairs contain the information and most of the time are protected on the inside of the helix. There are four base pairs, adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine (represented by the letters A, T, C, and G) A bonds with T, C bonds with G via hydrogen bonding. A cannot bond to either C or G. This is a major function of the structure of DNA in protecting the information it contains. Should a base pair be incorrectly placed, the molecule will not fold up correctly, and an enzyme will likely find the problem and insert the correct base pair. This base pair bonding makes duplicating the molecule quite easy. The DNA helix unwinds, leaving two separate strands. The base pair sequences on these two strands are complementary to each other. Where there is a C on the first chain, there will be a G on the other. So to copy the molecule, complementary base pairs can be inserted onto the open chain and a back bone bonded to the new base pairs and the resultant will be two identical helices of DNA. A similar mechanism is employed in DNAs transcription To RNA. To be read, the DNA molecule unwinds, leaving two complementary chains. The chain that contains the information starts with a certain sequence which labels it as the one containing useful information. RNA base pairs are inserted onto the DNA chain in the same manner as DNA base pairs would be to copy the molecule with a few exceptions. There is no RNA base pair for thymine, instead the base pair Uracil is used. Uracil is complementary to Adenine. The backbone is also subtly different, though its immaterial to the transcription process. Once completed, this molecule of messenger RNA is complementary to the molecule of DNA, whose information it now encodes. The messenger RNA is what the protein is constructed off of. Transcription enzymes are used for such purpose and have a triplet of base pairs on one end and a amino acid on the other. The triplet of base pairs lines up with a triplet on the messenger RNA and one by one a chain of amino acids is put together. once the transcription enzymes get to the end of the messenger RNA molecule, the protein folds up.
What is the overall structure of the DNA molecule?
The physical structure is called a double-helix.
What is transcription and where does it occure?
Transcription occurs in the cell nucleus where DNA is housed. Think of DNA as instructions to build hardware (proteins), unfortunately, these instructions are in another language and incomprehensible to the workers that will eventually assemble the hardware. This is where mRNA will come into the picture - to provide new instructions that will be used by the workers. In transcription DNA is unzipped and the enzyme RNA polymerase runs along the template strand of the DNA. The template strand of DNA can be identified by finding the nucleotide sequence T A C at the 3' end (If the strand is written backwards it may look like C A T at the 3' end). This identifies that strand as the template and the other strand, the information strand, will not be used in this transcription (this does not mean, however, that it may not be used in future transcription processes). As the RNA polymerase runs along the DNA template strand it will add the complementary RNA nucleotides to the DNA nucleotides. This means that G will be paired with C, and visa versa, and A (DNA) will be paired with U (RNA - rather than T in DNA replication) and T (DNA) paired with A (RNA). When the single helix mRNA strand is complete it will separate from the DNA and the DNA will re-zip into the double helix. source: biology1 and 2 teacher, vert bio teacher and science major
How do you separate nucleotides from glucose?
A nucleotide components are a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar and a phosphate while Glucose is a six-carbon sugar therefore a nucleotide is much larger than in size than a glucose molecule. The size difference could be used to separate the molecules. Or considering the differences of charge/ solubility of the nitrogeneous base as well as the phosphate groups to separate from glucose.
What must happen to DNA strands before transcription can begin?
DNA strands must unwind and the two strands must separate prior to transcription beginning. Once transcription is complete, the two strands join back together.
