Hydrogen atoms share electrons in a covalent bond.
Hydrogen atoms have one valence electron which is also the only electron they have.
Actually chlorine and hydrogen will not share electrons; the chlorine atom steals the electron from the hydrogen atom, creating two separate oppositely charged ions.
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An oxygen atom has 6 electrons in its outermost energy level. When it shares electrons with two hydrogen atoms to form a water molecule, oxygen will share 2 of its electrons with each hydrogen atom, allowing each hydrogen to complete its outermost energy level with 2 electrons. This results in oxygen having a full outermost energy level with 8 electrons.
There are 6 electrons in the outermost energy level of an oxygen atom. In a water molecule, oxygen shares electrons with two hydrogen atoms to form covalent bonds, achieving a full outer shell with 8 electrons (octet rule). Oxygen shares one electron with each hydrogen atom to complete its outer shell.
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The total number of shared electrons in a molecule of CH2O (formal charge -2) is 18. Each hydrogen atom shares 1 electron, each carbon atom shares 4 electrons, and the oxygen atom shares 6 electrons, adding up to a total of 18 shared electrons.
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Each hydrogen atom shares one electron with oxygen, forming a single covalent bond in a water molecule.