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Red shift and parallax.

All elements have characteristic frequencies of light which they absorb. Elements in the outer regions of a star thus create clear black lines in the star's spectrum. The light from a star which is moving away from us is red-shifted. This means that the frequencies are moved towards the red end of the spectrum. According to Hubble's findings, the further a star is, the faster it is moving away from us. And the faster it is moving, the greater the red shift. So, by measuring how far some of the absorption lines have been red-shifted provides a measure of its distance.


The apparent position of a relatively nearby object, with reference to a static background will change as the position of the viewer changes. Using the change in the apparent direction to an object in the universe form two diametrically opposite positions in the earth orbit, combined with some pretty basic trigonometry allows the distance to the object to be calculated.

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Q: Explain 2 ways that scientists can indirectly learn the distances between objects in the universe?
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