They both are a series of linked reactions.
Albert Szent-Györgyi received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1937 for his discoveries on vitamin C and the citric acid cycle, key components of the biochemical pathway that produces glucose.
Photosynthesis is referred to as a biochemical pathway because it is a series of chemical reactions that take place in living organisms involving multiple enzymes and molecules to convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. It is a complex process that involves various biochemical reactions within the cells of plants and other photosynthetic organisms.
The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded for significant contributions to peace, not for scientific discoveries. The biochemical pathway used by plants to make glucose is called photosynthesis, and it is fundamental to the survival of all plants. However, no individual specifically received a Nobel Peace Prize for discovering this process.
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1961 was awarded to Melvin Calvin for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants, specifically for identifying the pathway of carbon dioxide fixation in photosynthesis known as the Calvin cycle. This cycle elucidated how plants convert carbon dioxide into glucose using energy from sunlight.
The Calvin cycle, also known as the light-independent reactions, is the metabolic pathway of photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP. This process occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts.
The Calvin cycle, a series of biochemical reactions that occur during photosynthesis, takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast, which is a compartment within the plant cell where photosynthesis occurs.
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Two alternate carbon-fixing pathways used by plants in hot climates are the C4 pathway and the CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism) pathway. In the C4 pathway, carbon fixation via PEP carboxylase occurs in mesophyll cells, and then the bundle sheath cells carry out the Calvin cycle. In the CAM pathway, plants open their stomata at night to take in CO2, which is stored in organic acids and used in the Calvin cycle during the day.
C3 carbon fixation or the Calvin cycle is a metabolic pathway for carbon fixation in photosynthesis. This process converts co2 and ribulose bisphosphate into 3-phosphoglycerate through the following reaction: 6 CO2 + 6 RuBP → 12 3-phosphoglycerate In C4 , carbon dioxide is drawn out of malate and into this reaction rather than directly from the air. Since every CO2 molecule has to be fixed twice, the C4 pathway is more energy-consuming than the C3 pathway. The C3 pathway requires 18 ATP for the synthesis of one molecule of glucose while the C4 pathway requires 30 ATP. But since otherwise tropical plants lose more than half of photosynthetic carbon in photorespiration, the C4 pathway is an adaptive mechanism for minimizing the loss.
The man who worked out the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis is Melvin Calvin. He was an American biochemist who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1961 for his research on the pathway by which carbon is assimilated in plants.
In the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis, electrons from water are used to generate NADPH and ATP to drive the Calvin cycle. This pathway involves both Photosystem I and II working together to produce energy-rich molecules for carbon fixation. It is essential for the production of organic compounds in plants.
The biochemical process responsible for carbon fixation is photosynthesis, specifically the Calvin cycle. During this process, carbon dioxide is converted into carbohydrates by utilizing energy from sunlight and enzymes found in plant cells. This pathway is essential for plants to build organic molecules needed for growth and survival.