The instruments of Qualitative research data collections are the following.:
unstructured or semi structured observation form
unstructured or semi structured questionnaire
unstructured or semi structured interview
The main archaeological research methods include excavation, surveying, dating techniques, and analysis of artifacts and ecofacts. Excavation involves the systematic excavation and recording of archaeological sites, while surveying involves the systematic exploration and recording of archaeological remains in a landscape. Dating techniques help establish the age of archaeological remains, and the analysis of artifacts and ecofacts provides insights into past human activities and environments.
An example of a quantitative observation is measuring the temperature of a substance using a thermometer and finding it to be 25 degrees Celsius.
How to solve test 2 on quantitative reasoning by Ore olunloyo
You can identify sources of accurate and reliable information by looking for references (like in the back of a report), you can also look at the primary information and corss check various sources for information matches.
Experimentation
Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA): An Overview
At its core, Qualitative Data Analysis is the process of examining non-numerical data to derive understanding, gain insights, and discover patterns. Unlike quantitative data, which deals with numbers, qualitative data deals with phenomena that can be observed but not measured, like personal experiences, perceptions, behaviors, emotions, and social movements.
Steps in QDA
Data Collection: Data is usually collected through methods such as interviews, focus groups, observations, or document analysis.
Familiarization: The researcher reviews the data to become familiar with its content, often reading and re-reading to get a sense of depth and context.
Coding: The process of categorizing data into distinct themes or categories. For instance, if analyzing data about people's feelings towards public transport, codes might include 'safety concerns', 'cost', or 'environmental benefits'.
Identifying Themes or Patterns: Codes are further refined and grouped into broader themes or patterns.
Interpretation and Theory Building: The researcher tries to make sense of the themes, relate them to existing literature or theory, or even develop new theories.
Approaches to QDA
Grounded Theory: A method where theories are constructed from the data itself rather than from preconceived concepts.
Narrative Analysis: Focuses on the ways people use stories to make sense of the world.
Phenomenological Analysis: Aims to understand the essence of experiences about a phenomenon.
Content Analysis: Systematically categorizes the content of communications to derive patterns.
Framework Analysis: Provides a systematic and visible process for managing and analyzing qualitative data.
Tools for QDA
While QDA can be done manually, various software tools have been developed to assist in the process, such as NVivo, Atlas.ti, and MAXQDA. These tools help in organizing, coding, and analyzing large datasets.
Challenges in QDA
Subjectivity: Unlike quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis is often more subjective, which can lead to biases.
Time-consuming: Due to its in-depth nature, it can be time-intensive.
Data Overload: Massive amounts of data can be generated, especially from interviews or focus groups.
Strengths of QDA
Depth and Detail: Provides a richer understanding of a phenomenon.
Flexibility: Researchers can adapt and delve deeper based on the data they encounter.
Contextual Understanding: Captures the context in which behaviors or events occur, often leading to more nuanced insights.
Conclusion
Qualitative Data Analysis is essential when numbers alone can't provide the depth of understanding required. While it has its challenges, the insights and depth it offers make it a vital tool in the research toolkit. For those seeking to truly understand the intricacies of human behavior, motivations, beliefs, or cultural phenomena, QDA is invaluable.
If you're interested in diving further into research methodologies or the nuanced differences between qualitative and quantitative approaches, make sure to explore more dedicated resources on the subject. For more information about marketing research I recommend you watch this video on my YouTube channel “Charbel El Khouri”
I think that it's wrong since they can do a lot of other things to test medicine. They can make pieces of skin without using real skin. Science has come far and there are alternatives. But it's more expensive so most companies don't want to.
I think it isn't right ,however sometimes it has to be done:(
I am for that. I would want items tested on animals before humans. Animals are not equal to humans. The idea that we can not use them for research is appalling to me. It cheapens the value of us as a species.
Personally I wish it wasn't so, but as far as I know they don't have alternatives other than humans themselves which isn't always permitted.
Personally I feel that people should volunteer to do it despite the risks, as were more capable of communicating pain and side effects, of course some medical research is real raw and would undoubtedly kill but I still belive people would volunteer. I expect theres wide opinion on this question so keep an eye on the discussions board! X
As stated earlier personaly I wish it wasnt done however with that said I can understand that testing af drugs procedures e.t.c gets done with animals. and saves more animals and peoples lives then are lost. However I think it is absolutely wrong for cosmetics and similar vanity rubish to be tested on animals.
Personally I wish it wasn't so, but as far as I know they don't have alternatives other than humans themselves which isn't always permitted.
Personally I feel that people should volunteer to do it despite the risks, as were more capable of communicating pain and side effects, of course some medical research is real raw and would undoubtedly kill but I still belive people would volunteer. I expect theres wide opinion on this question so keep an eye on the discussions board! X As stated earlier personaly I wish it wasnt done however with that said I can understand that testing af drugs procedures e.t.c gets done with animals. and saves more animals and peoples lives then are lost. However I think it is absolutely wrong for cosmetics and similar vanity rubish to be tested on animals.
Animals are used for research for ethical reasons. Animals are first used in medical research so that humans are not harmed. Animals are used in other research to understand their physiology such as why do bears hibernate and how.
No, they should not. Nowadays humans have much greater scientific breakthroughs and research and do not need to still use animal tests as much as they once believed they did. True - as it is, some animal experiments have benefited us and some also have not, e.g. cigarettes were tested on rabbits and were deemed to be safe BUT what the scientists didnt know was that humans are NOT like rabbits and we can't break down nicotine like they can. They can break it down 60 times faster than humans and this dramatically reduces the amount of nicotine Dependent receptors in their brains, meaning they don't get addicted to it any where near as badly as we do. There are many more of those kinds of stories.
Basically, rationality begs the question: why would you do that when it is not always reliable and will probably need human tests anyway?
It is a fact that we would not have most of the medical knowledge we do today if we hadn't done it in the past, but again I see no reason for it to continue other than humans trying to keep their 'control' at what they seem to think is the top of the chain.
Only you can decide whether you agree or not but being informed is necessary for your decision to be right for you.
Here is one of mine- after I read a certain part, I like to do sevral things. I like to predict what may happen next, imgaine what different characters would do in certain situations, think about what I would do in the situation they are in, and just try to get an overall feel for the characters. Hope this helps!
Study objects, conduct tests, research written materials, and ask questions
Qualitative analysis is to determine the type of gass is in a gas mixture. Quantitative determines the amount (concentration) of the different gases in the gas mixture