Venus
Jupiter
well the moon... but that's not really a planet so logically we found the closest planets first.
Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn can all be seen with the naked eye. So no one knows when a person looked into the sky and saw them.
It depends on where the planets are in their orbits relative to Earth. In many cases the first object you see may be a planet as the five planets visible to the naked eye are brighter in our sky than the stars.
No you can not see the moon landing sites with your naked eye from earth.
No, quasars are extremely distant and bright objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye from Earth. They typically require powerful telescopes to be observed.
Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn can be seen with the naked eye.
Venus is considered the brightest object (and planet) to be seen from Earth (Being visible with the naked eye even in light-polluted cities).
The big one you can see in the sky with the naked eye revolves around the planet Earth.
Jupiter is the outer planet that can be seen from Earth without the aid of a telescope. It is the fourth brightest object in the sky and is visible to the naked eye.
Mercury and Venus were known to ancient civilizations, so no specific discovery year. Earth does not apply. Mars was first discovered in prehistoric times. Jupiter (1610), Saturn (1610), Uranus (1781), Neptune (1846), and Pluto (1930) were discovered more recently.
You could see Neptune from Earth with a telescope if you knew exactly where to look.