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they are adenine , guanine , thymine , cytosine ..

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What four molecules make up the rungs of the ladder?

The four molecules that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder are adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. Adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine through hydrogen bonding to form the base pairs of the double helix structure.


What 3 parts make up the rungs of the DNA ladder?

The rungs of the DNA ladder are composed of alternating deoxyribose sugar molecules and phosphate groups.


What structures form the rungs of the DNA double helix?

The rungs of the DNA double helix are made up of alternating deoxyribose sugar molecules and phosphate molecules. Please refer to the related link below.


What group makes up the rungs or steps of DNA?

The rungs or steps of DNA are made up of nucleotide bases. There are four types of nucleotide bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). These bases pair up in a specific way (A with T and C with G) to form the rungs of the DNA ladder.


Do the rungs of DNA connect to phosphate or sugar?

Sugar. The backbone of the DNA molecule is composed of ribose and phosphate, but the bases which make up the "rungs" of DNA are always connected to the sugar. The phosphate is used to bond the sugars together into long strings.


What are the four bases of making up the rungs of the DNA ladder?

thymines, guanines, adenines, and cytosines


What two things make up a chromosome?

Chromosomes are comprised of nucleotides and nitrogen base pairs. The nucleotides make up the columns of the DNA structure, and are repeating sequences of a 5-carbon sugar and a phosphate. The "rungs" of the DNA structure, similar to the rungs (steps) of a ladder, and made up of four variations of nitrogen base pairs.


What is the molecules that make the upright of a DNA?

The backbone of DNA is made up of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate molecules. The bases adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine are attached to the deoxyribose sugars, forming the rungs of the DNA helix.


What are DNA base?

"Bases" when speaking of DNA refers to the nitrogen bases. There are four: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. They comprise the "rungs" of the DNA ladder and are hydrogen-bonded.


What is the name for the segments of a DNA molecule that are each made up of many rungs?

The segments of a DNA molecule that are each made up of many rungs are called nucleotide sequences. These sequences consist of specific arrangements of four different nucleotides: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G) that form the genetic code in DNA.


What are the 4 that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder?

what are 4 bases that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder


What makes up the sides of a DNA strand?

A DNA strand is made up of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate molecules. The nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine) are attached to the sugar molecules, forming the "rungs" of the DNA ladder.