5
The machine leaves a pen tracing that indicates the magnitude of the earthquake LOL
No, earth's orbit around the sun did not change as result of the earthquake/ Tsunami in Japan, which was actually updated to a magnitude 9.0 earthquake. The length of a day, though, did change, and it changed by 1.8 millionths of a second. For earth's orbit to change, something would have to hit earth from outer space.
The standard unit of measurement for the distance from the sun to the earth is one Astronomical Unit (AU). An AU, as defined by the International Astronomical Union, is about 149,597,871 km (92,955,807 miles). It is the mean distance between the sun and the earth.
RICHTER SCALEThe Richter scale (known as the local magnitude scale to seismologists) was originally developed to measure small to moderate magnitude earthquakes in southern California by Charles Richter and Beno Gutenberg. The numerical levels indicate the energy released by a particular quake. The numerical value is obtained from the logarithm of the maximum amplitude of seismic waves as recorded on a seismometer. This value is then scaled to account for the distance from the epicentre of the earthquake to the seismometer so as to allow the value to be correlated with the local magnitude readings from other seismometers in differing locations (as seismic waves lose their energy as they propagate through the earth so if this correction was not made, then different seismometer stations at different distances would give differing Richter magnitudes for the same earthquake). The Richter magnitude measurement produced by this methodology in theory has no limit and may be positive or negative.As stated above, the Richter scale itself is a logarithmic mathematical formula which is calibrated so that a ten fold increase in amplitude relates to a single whole number increase on the scale (e.g. an earthquake with a Richter magnitude of 5 has seismic waves with a maximum amplitude 10 times larger than those for a magnitude 4). It has a number of practical limitations, in that it is poor at recording earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 7 and at distances greater than 650 km from a seismometer.The equation for calculating the Richter magnitude (MR) is shown below:MR = (Log10A) - (Log10A0)WhereA = maximum zero to peak amplitude of seismic wave (mm) recorded.A0 = Empirical function derived from the distance from seismometer station to earthquake epicentreLog10A0 From 0 to 200 km distance:Log10A0 = 0.15 - 1.6 log(distance in km)Between 200 and 600 km distance by:Log10A0 = 3.38 - 3.0 log(distance in km)Due to the limitations described above (distance and maximum size of measurable earthquake), it has since been replaced by the Moment Magnitude Scale in the measurement of large earthquakes - for information on this, please see the related question.the richter scale reads the magnitude of earthquake.
Yes, though it is unlikely to occur with any geologic forces that occur within the Earth. The moment magnitude scale is open-ended, with magnitudes calculated from the amount of energy released by an earthquake. The asteroid impact that wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago is believed to have triggered and earthquake with a magnitude of about 13.0, many times stronger than anything Earth could produce on its own.
7
You cannot ask for an absolute magnitude and specify the distance, as the absolute magnitude is derived from a set distance of 32.616 light years.At that distance, the absolute magnitude of the Sun is +4.83From Earth the apparent magnitude -26.74
Absolute magnitude
238857 miles
238857 miles
The Sun has an absolute magnitude of about 4.8 and an apparent (visual) magnitude of around -26.7. It's roughly 150,000,000 km from Earth on average.
distance from earth
apparent magnitude (brightness of a star when viewed from Earth) depends on the size of the star, how hot it is, and its distance from Earth
384403 km (238857 miles)
Theres `Absolute Magnitude` which is the brightness of a star at a set distance. Then there is `Apparent Magnitude` which is the apparent brightness from earth, regardless of distance.
Absolute magnitude is based on an observer being at the same distance from any star.Apparent magnitude is based on the brightness of a star from Earth without any atmosphere.
Apparent magnitude is the brightness as observed from earth, while absolute magnitude is the brightness of a star at a set distance. The apparent magnitude considers the stars actual brightness as well as it's distance from us, but absolute magnitude takes the distance factor out so that star brightnesses can be directly compared.